Reptiles of Costa Rica   Related checklists:  Isla del Coco Bibliography of the reptiles of Costa Rica Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Costa Rica Introduced species

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© Rune Midtgaard

Reptile biodiversity of Costa Rica excl. introduced, extinct, unconfirmed, and unnamed species See complete statistics for families and genera	Families	Endemic families	Endemism (families)	Genera	Endemic genera	Endemism (genera)	Species	Endemic species	Endemism (species)	Species in % of total
Crocodilians (Crocodylia)	2	0	0.0 %	2	0	0.0 %	2	0	0.0 %	0.8 %
Lizards (Sauria)	14	0	0.0 %	31	0	0.0 %	87	15	17.2 %	34.9 %
Snakes (Serpentes)	8	0	0.0 %	66	0	0.0 %	146	11	7.5 %	58.6 %
Turtles (Testudines)	6	0	0.0 %	9	0	0.0 %	14	0	0.0 %	5.6 %
Total	30	0	0.0 %	108	0	0.0 %	249	26	10.4 %	100.0 %

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman crocodilus Common Caiman Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Busack & Pandya 2001 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles) Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)   Crocodylus acutus American Crocodile Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alopoglossidae (Fold-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Ptychoglossus (Swamp Lizards)   Ptychoglossus plicatus Costa Rican Swamp Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.) Genus Celestus (Lesser Galliwasps)   * Celestus cyanochloris Irazú Galliwasp Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Celestus hylaius Rainforest Galliwasp Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Celestus orobius Hortensia Galliwasp Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Diploglossus (Greater Galliwasps)   Diploglossus bilobatus Talamancan Galliwasp Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Diploglossus monotropis Coral-mimic Galliwasp Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Gerrhonotus (Eastern Alligator Lizards)   Gerrhonotus rhombifer Isthmian Alligator Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dwyer & Plecker 2013 Lamar, Barrio-Amorós, Dwyer, Abarca & Plecker 2015 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Mesaspis (Middle American Alligator Lizards)   Mesaspis monticola Pico Blanco Alligator Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Corytophanidae (Basilisks) Genus Basiliscus (Typical Basilisks)   Basiliscus basiliscus Common Basilisk Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Basiliscus plumifrons Plumed Basilisk Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Basiliscus vittatus Banded Basilisk Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Corytophanes (Helmeted Basilisks)   Corytophanes cristatus Smooth-headed Helmeted Basilisk Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Dactyloidae (Anoles) Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)   Dactyloa frenata Bridled Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz, Bienentreu & Köhler 2013 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Dactyloa ibanezi Coclé Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz, Bienentreu & Köhler 2013 Poe, Latella, Ryan & Schaad 2009 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as chocorum] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as chocorum] Savage 2002 [as chocorum]   * Dactyloa insignis Short-legged Giant Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz, Bienentreu & Köhler 2013 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Poe & Ryan 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Dactyloa microtus Costa Rican Tiny Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz, Bienentreu & Köhler 2013 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Dactyloa savagei Fortuna Pass Giant Anole Poe & Ryan 2017 Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)   * Norops alocomyos Copey Anole Köhler, Vargas & Lotzkat 2014   Norops altae Volcán Barba Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2009 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops aquaticus Central American Water Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops auratus Surinam Grass Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Norops benedikti Bocas del Toro Anole Lotzkat, Bienentreu, Hertz & Köhler 2011   Norops biporcatus Central American Giant Green Anole Armstead, Ayala-Varela, Torres-Carvajal, Ryan & Poe 2017 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops biscutiger Golfito Anole Taylor   Norops capito Big-headed Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops carpenteri Cartago Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Echelle, Echelle & Fitch 1971 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops charlesmyersi Chiriquí Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2010 Nicholson & Köhler 2014   Norops cryptolimifrons Cerro Brujo Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Norops cupreus Central American Copper Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler, Batista, Veselý, Ponce, Carrizo & Lotzkat 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops datzorum Tabasará Mountains Anole Köhler & Vargas 2010   Norops fungosus Cerro Pando Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops godmani Volcán Irazú Anole Boulenger 1885   Norops humilis Central American Humble Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler, Alt, Grünfelder, Dehling & Sunyer 2006 Köhler, Poe, Ryan & Köhler 2015 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops intermedius Intermediate Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops kemptoni Finca Lérida Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as pandoensis]   * Norops leditzigorum Santa Elena Anole Köhler, Vargas & Lotzkat 2014   Norops lemurinus Ghost Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops limifrons Slender Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Norops marsupialis Pouched Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler, Poe, Ryan & Köhler 2015 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Savage & Bolaños 2009   * Norops monteverde Puntarenas Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2009   * Norops osa Osa Peninsula Anole Köhler, Batista, Veselý, Ponce, Carrizo & Lotzkat 2012 Köhler, Dehling & Köhler 2010   Norops oxylophus Central American Stream Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops pachypus Thick Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops pentaprion Common Lichen Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2010 Nicholson & Köhler 2014 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage 2002   Norops polylepis Many-scaled Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler, Batista, Veselý, Ponce, Carrizo & Lotzkat 2012 Köhler, Dehling & Köhler 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage 2002   Norops quaggulus Nicaraguan Humble Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler, Alt, Grünfelder, Dehling & Sunyer 2006 Köhler, Poe, Ryan & Köhler 2015 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Norops salvini Squeaking Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as vociferans] Savage 2002 [as vociferans]   * Norops tenorioensis Volcán Tenorio Anole Köhler 2011   * Norops townsendi Cocos Island Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Zug 2013   * Norops tropidolepis Swift Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Lotzkat, Bienentreu, Hertz & Köhler 2011 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Norops unilobatus Awasbila Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler & Vesely 2010 Köhler, Trejo-Pérez, Petersen & Méndez de la Cruz 2014 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as sericeus] Savage 2002 [as sericeus]   Norops woodi Panamanian Volcano Anole Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos) Genus Coleonyx (Banded Eyelid Geckos)   Coleonyx mitratus Central American Banded Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Seufer, Kaverkin & Kirschner (eds.) 2005  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Anadia (Smooth-scaled Spectacled Lizards)   Anadia ocellata Ocellated Smooth-scaled Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 [as m. metallica] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Bachia (Earless Tejus)   Bachia blairi Chiriqui Earless Teju Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Echinosaura (Rough Tejus)   Echinosaura apodema Costa Rican Rough Teju Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Doan & Castoe 2005 Lotzkat, Batista, Vargas, Hertz & Köhler 2012 Marques-Souza, Prates, Fouquet, Camacho, Kok, Nunes, Vechio, Recoder, Mejia, Teixeira-Junior, Barrio-Amorós, Cassimiro, Lima, Sena & Rodrigues 2018 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Gymnophthalmus (Snake-eyed Tejus)   Gymnophthalmus speciosus Golden Snake-eyed Teju Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Lizards)   Loxopholis southi Northern Root Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas) Genus Ctenosaura (Northern Spiny-tailed Iguanas)   Ctenosaura quinquecarinata Central American Armed Iguana Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Hasbún & Köhler 2009 Köhler 2002 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Ctenosaura similis Central American Black Iguana Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2002 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)   Iguana iguana Common Green Iguana Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Phrynosomatidae (North American Lesser Iguanas) Genus Sceloporus (Northern Spiny Lizards)   Sceloporus malachiticus Malachite Spiny Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Stuart 1971   Sceloporus squamosus Central American Dwarf Spiny Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sceloporus variabilis Southern Rose-bellied Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Smith, Pérez-Higareda & Chiszar 1993  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Phyllodactylus (American Leaf-toed Geckos)   Phyllodactylus tuberculosus Yellow-bellied Leaf-toed Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)   Thecadactylus rapicauda Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards) Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)   Polychrus gutturosus Central American Monkey Lizard Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Torres-Carvajal, Koch, Venegas & Poe 2017  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Marisora (Middle American Skinks)   Marisora alliacea Costa Rican Four-lined Skink Hedges & Conn 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as unimarginata (part)] Savage 2002 [as unimarginata (part)]   Marisora brachypoda Middle American Short-limbed Skink Hedges & Conn 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as unimarginata (part)] Savage 2002 [as unimarginata (part)]   Marisora unimarginata Middle American Long-limbed Skink Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Hedges & Conn 2012 Miralles & Carranza 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as unimarginata (part)] Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as unimarginata (part)] Genus Mesoscincus (Central American Giant Skinks)   Mesoscincus managuae Pacific Giant Skink Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Scincella (South Asian and American Ground Skinks)   Scincella cherriei Central American Brown Forest Skink Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.) Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)   Gonatodes albogularis Yellow-headed Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Lepidoblepharis (Scaly-eyed Geckos)   Lepidoblepharis xanthostigma Costa Rica Scaly-eyed Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Sphaerodactylus (Least Geckos)   Sphaerodactylus graptolaemus Costa Rica Least Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sphaerodactylus homolepis Yellow-tailed Dwarf Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sphaerodactylus millepunctatus Spotted Least Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McCranie & Hedges 2012 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Sphaerodactylus pacificus Cocos Island Least Gecko Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harris & Kluge 1984 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Zug 2013  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Savage 2002   Ameiva praesignis Borriguerro Ameiva Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as ameiva] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as ameiva] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as ameiva] Ugueto & Harvey 2011 Genus Aspidoscelis (Northern Whiptails)   Aspidoscelis deppii Black-bellied Whiptail Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Maslin & Secoy 1986 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Holcosus (Northwestern Ameivas)   Holcosus festivus Central American Ameiva Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Holcosus leptophrys Delicate Ameiva Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Holcosus parvus Guatemalan Rainbow Ameiva Meza-Lázaro & Nieto-Montes de Oca 2015 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970   Holcosus quadrilineatus Four-lined Ameiva Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Xantusiidae (Night Lizards) Genus Lepidophyma (Tropical Night Lizards)   Lepidophyma flavimaculatum Yellow-spotted Night Lizard Bezy & Camarillo-Rangel 2002 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Lepidophyma reticulatum Reticulated Tropical Night Lizard Bezy & Camarillo-Rangel 2002 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Anomalepis (Odd-scaled Blind Snakes)   Anomalepis mexicanus Lower Central American Blind Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Stickel, Abarca & Pounds 2017 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Helminthophis (Northwestern Blind Snakes)   Helminthophis frontalis Pink-headed Blind Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   Liotyphlops albirostris White-nosed Blind Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa imperator Central American Red-tailed Boa Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as B. constrictor] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as B. constrictor] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as B. constrictor] Savage 2002 [as B. constrictor] Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)   Corallus annulatus Annulated Tree Boa Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Corallus ruschenbergerii Mangrove Tree Boa Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Henderson 1997 Henderson 2002 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates maurus Northern Rainbow Boa Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as cenchria] McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 [as cenchria] Passos & Fernandes 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as cenchria] Stimson 1969 Genus Ungaliophis (Central American Dwarf Boas)   Ungaliophis panamensis Panamanian Dwarf Boa Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Amastridium (Rusty-headed Snakes)   Amastridium veliferum Southern Rusty-headed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Wilson & Meyer 1969 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius carinatus Yellow-lipped Sipo Savage 2002   Chironius exoletus Common Sipo Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Chironius flavopictus Yellow-spotted Sipo Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as carinatus]   Chironius grandisquamis Large-scaled Sipo Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia clelia Common Snake Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Zaher 1996   Clelia equatoriana Equatorial Snake Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Zaher 1996   Clelia scytalina Mexican Snake Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage 2002 Genus Coniophanes (Black-striped Snakes)   Coniophanes bipunctatus Two-spotted Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Solórzano 2001   Coniophanes fissidens Central American Yellow-bellied Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Flores-Villela & Smith 2009 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Coniophanes piceivittis Oaxacan Black-striped Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Flores-Villela & Smith 2009 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Conophis (Road Guarders)   Conophis lineatus Central American Road Guarder Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wellman 1963 Genus Crisantophis (Costa Rican Road Guarder)   Crisantophis nevermanni Costa Rican Road Guarder Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wellman 1963 Genus Dendrophidion (Forest Racers)   Dendrophidion apharocybe Central American Barred Forest Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as vinitor (part)] Cadle 2012a Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as vinitor (part)] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as vinitor (part)] Savage 2002 [as vinitor (part)]   Dendrophidion clarkii Panamanian Black-naped Forest Racer Cadle & Savage 2012   * Dendrophidion crybelum Costa Rican Barred Forest Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as vinitor (part)] Cadle 2012a Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as vinitor (part)] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as vinitor (part)] Savage 2002 [as vinitor (part)]   Dendrophidion paucicarinatum Talamanca Forest Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Cadle & Savage 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Dendrophidion percarinatum South American Forest Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Cadle 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Dendrophidion rufiterminorum Red-headed Forest Racer Cadle & Savage 2012 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas articulata Veraguas Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Dipsas bicolor Bicolored Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey & Embert 2008 Harvey 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Dipsas tenuissima Slender Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes & Cribos)   Drymarchon melanurus Central American Indigo Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as corais] Wüster, Yrausquin & Mijares-Urrutia 2001 Genus Drymobius (Central American Racers)   Drymobius margaritiferus Speckled Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Drymobius melanotropis Lower-montane Green Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson 1970   Drymobius rhombifer Diamondback Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Enuliophis (White-headed Snake)   Enuliophis sclateri White-headed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Enulius (Middle American Long-tailed Snakes)   Enulius flavitorques Pacific Long-tailed Snake Abarca & Bolaños 2017 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus bizonus Double-banded Mock Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Erythrolamprus epinephelus Fire-bellied Smooth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dixon 1983b Dixon 1989 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Erythrolamprus mimus Mimic Mock Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Geophis (Central American Earth Snakes)   Geophis brachycephalus Short-headed Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & Watling 2008 Savage 2002 Wilson & Townsend 2007   * Geophis downsi Puntarenas Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & Watling 2008 Savage 2002 Wilson & Townsend 2007   Geophis godmani Irazú Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & Watling 2008 Savage 2002 Wilson & Townsend 2007   Geophis hoffmanni Costa Rican Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Townsend 2006 Wilson & Townsend 2007   * Geophis ruthveni Sarapiqui Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & Watling 2008 Savage 2002 Wilson & Townsend 2007   Geophis talamancae Talamanca Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & Watling 2008 Savage 2002 Wilson & Townsend 2007   * Geophis zeledoni Finca Zeledón Earth Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & Watling 2008 Savage 2002 Wilson & Townsend 2007 Genus Hydromorphus (Central American Water Snakes)   Hydromorphus concolor Common Central American Water Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Torres-Carvajal, Yánez-Muñoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendáriz 2012   Imantodes gemmistratus Central American Blunt-headed Tree Snake Bañuelos-Alamillo, Trujillo-de la Torre, Quintero-Díaz & Carbajal-Márquez 2017 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Torres-Carvajal, Yánez-Muñoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendáriz 2012   Imantodes inornatus Yellow Blunt-headed Tree Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Torres-Carvajal, Yánez-Muñoz, Quirola, Smith & Almendáriz 2012 Genus Lampropeltis (King Snakes & Milk Snakes)   Lampropeltis abnorma Central American Milk Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [part] [as triangulum] Markel 1990 Ruane, Bryson, Alexander & Burbrink 2014 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [part] [as triangulum] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [part] [as triangulum] Savage 2002 [part] [as triangulum]   Lampropeltis micropholis Southern Milk Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [part] [as triangulum] Markel 1990 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Ruane 2015 Ruane, Bryson, Alexander & Burbrink 2014 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [part] [as triangulum] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [part] [as triangulum] Savage 2002 [part] [as triangulum] Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira nigrofasciata Black-banded Cat-eyed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Duellman 1958a Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Leptodeira polysticta Small-spotted Cat-eyed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as septentrionalis] Duellman 1958a Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as septentrionalis] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as septentrionalis] Savage 2002 [as septentrionalis]   Leptodeira rhombifera Central American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as annulata] Duellman 1958a McCranie 2011 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as annulata] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as annulata] Savage 2002 [as annulata]   Leptodeira rubricata Costa Rican Cat-eyed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Leptodrymus (Green-headed Lowland Racer)   Leptodrymus pulcherrimus Green-headed Lowland Racer Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis ahaetulla Common Green Parrot Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller 2013 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Leptophis depressirostris Satiny Parrot Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Leptophis mexicanus Mexican Parrot Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Oliver 1948 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Leptophis nebulosus Striped Parrot Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Oliver 1948 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Leptophis riveti Oblique Parrot Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Masticophis (North American Whip Snakes & Coachwhips)   Masticophis mentovarius Neotropical Whip Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Johnson 1979 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)   Mastigodryas alternatus Central American Lizard Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as melanolomus] McCranie 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as melanolomus] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as melanolomus]   Mastigodryas melanolomus Salmon-bellied Lizard Eater Savage 2002 Genus Ninia (Coffee Snakes)   Ninia celata Pale-collared Coffee Snake Angarita-Sierra 2014 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McCranie & Wilson 1995 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Ninia maculata Spotted Coffee Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Ninia psephota Checkered Coffee Snake Angarita-Sierra 2014 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as cerroensis] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Ninia sebae Red-backed Coffee Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Nothopsis (Rugose Litter Snake)   Nothopsis rugosus Rugose Litter Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)   Oxybelis aeneus Brown Vine Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Keiser 1974 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Oxybelis brevirostris Short-nosed Vine Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Oxybelis fulgidus Green Vine Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)   Phrynonax poecilonotus Northern Bird Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Pliocercus (Big-scaled False Coral Snakes)   Pliocercus dimidiatus Central American False Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as euryzonus] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as annellatus] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as euryzonus] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as euryzonus] Savage 2002 [as euryzonus] Smith & Chiszar 2001e Genus Rhadinaea (Graceful Brown Snakes)   Rhadinaea calligaster Thick Graceful Brown Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Rhadinaea decorata Adorned Graceful Brown Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Rhadinaea pulveriventris Black-naped Graceful Brown Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Rhadinella (Dwarf Brown Snakes)   Rhadinella godmani Central American Dwarf Brown Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Rhadinella serperaster Costa Rican Dwarf Brown Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)   Rhinobothryum bovallii False Tree Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Scaphiodontophis (Neck-banded Snakes)   Scaphiodontophis venustissimus Southern Neck-banded Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McCranie 2011 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as annulatus] Villa, Wilson & Johnson 1988 Genus Scolecophis (Central American Harlequin Snake)   Scolecophis atrocinctus Central American Harlequin Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Genus Senticolis (American Green Rat Snake)   Senticolis triaspis American Green Rat Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dowling 1952 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Schulz 1996 Genus Sibon (Central American Snail Eaters)   Sibon annulatus Ringed Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sibon anthracops White-naped Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey 2008 Kofron 1987 Köhler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz & Köhler 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sibon argus Argus Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage & McDiarmid 1992 Savage 2002   Sibon dimidiatus Coral-backed Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey 2008 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sibon lamari Costa Rican Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Solorzano 2001   Sibon longifrenis Drab Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey 2008 Köhler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz & Köhler 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Sibon nebulatus Cloudy Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Harvey 2008 Köhler, Lotzkat & Hertz 2010 Lotzkat, Hertz & Köhler 2012 Peters 1960b Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis compressus Red-headed Liana Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Guedes, Nunes, Prudente & Marques 2011 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Stenorrhina (Scorpion Eaters)   Stenorrhina degenhardtii South American Scorpion Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Stenorrhina freminvillii Central American Scorpion Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla alticola Santa Rita Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as schistosa costaricensis] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015   Tantilla armillata Black-necked Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Köhler 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015   Tantilla reticulata Reticulated Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as virgata] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Meyer 1971   Tantilla ruficeps Orange-bellied Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015   Tantilla schistosa Red Earth Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as taylori] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Tantilla supracincta Northern Banded Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as annulata] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015   Tantilla vermiformis Nicaraguan Centipede Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Devender & Cole 1977 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wilson & Mata-Silva 2015 Genus Thamnophis (North American Garter Snakes & Ribbon Snakes)   Thamnophis marcianus Checkered Garter Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Thamnophis proximus Western Ribbon Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Rossman, Ford & Seigel 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Tretanorhinus (Neotropical Swamp Snakes)   Tretanorhinus nigroluteus Orange-bellied Swamp Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Trimetopon (Central American Dwarf Snakes)   * Trimetopon gracile Cartago Dwarf Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Trimetopon pliolepis Faded Dwarf Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Trimetopon simile Costa Rican Dwarf Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Trimetopon slevini Chiriqui Dwarf Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Herse & Ray 2014 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Trimetopon viquezi Siquirres Dwarf Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Trimorphodon (Lyre Snakes)   Trimorphodon quadruplex Central American Lyre Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Devitt, LaDuc & McGuire 2008 Gehlbach 1971 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as biscutatus] Genus Tropidodipsas (Northern Snail Eaters)   Tropidodipsas sartorii Terrestrial Snail Eater Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Genus Urotheca (Glass-tailed Snakes)   Urotheca decipiens Collared Glass-tailed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Urotheca fulviceps Tawny-headed Glass-tailed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Urotheca guentheri Orange-bellied Glass-tailed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Urotheca myersi Costa Rican Glass-tailed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Urotheca pachyura Thick-tailed Glass-tailed Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads & South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon angustirostris Central American Mock Lancehead Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as rabdocephalus] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as bertholdi] Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as rabdocephalus] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as rabdocephalus] Savage 2002 [as rabdocephalus]  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus alleni Arrow-headed Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Roze 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Micrurus clarki Yavisa Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Roze 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Micrurus mipartitus Red-tailed Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Micrurus mosquitensis Misquito Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Roze 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Micrurus multifasciatus Many-banded Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Roze 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010   Micrurus nigrocinctus Central American Coral Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Roze 1996 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Elapidae [part 2: marine species] (Sea Snakes) Genus Hydrophis (Typical Sea Snakes)   Hydrophis platurus Yellow-bellied Sea Snake Bessesen & Galbreath 2017 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Tu 1976 Zug 2013  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia ater Central American Black Thread Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Hahn 1980 McCranie & Hedges 2016 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Wallach 2016  Family Loxocemidae (Neotropical Sunbeam Snake) Genus Loxocemus (Neotropical Sunbeam Snake)   Loxocemus bicolor Neotropical Sunbeam Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops costaricensis Costa Rican Blind Snake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Agkistrodon (American Copperheads, Cottonmouths, and Cantils)   Agkistrodon howardgloydi Southern Cantil Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as bilineatus] Campbell & Lamar 2004 Conant 1984 Porras, Wilson, Schuett & Reiserer 2013 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as bilineatus] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as bilineatus] Savage 2002 [as bilineatus] Genus Atropoides (Jumping Pitvipers)   Atropoides mexicanus Central American Jumping Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as nummifer]   Atropoides picadoi Costa Rican Jumping Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Bothriechis (Palm Pitvipers)   Bothriechis lateralis Side-striped Palm Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Bothriechis nigroviridis Black-speckled Palm Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Bothriechis nubestris Talamanca Palm Pitviper Doan, Mason, Castoe, Sasa & Parkinson 2016   Bothriechis schlegeli Eyelash Palm Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Bothriechis supraciliaris Blotched Palm Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops asper Central American Lancehead Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Cerrophidion (Central American Montane Pitvipers)   Cerrophidion sasai Costa Rican Montane Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as godmani] Campbell & Lamar 2004 [as godmani] Jadin, Townsend, Castoe & Campbell 2012 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as godmani] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as godmani] Savage 2002 [as godmani] Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus simus Central American Rattlesnake Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as durissus] Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)   Lachesis melanocephala Black-headed Bushmaster Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 González-Maya, Castañeda, González, Pacheco & Ceballos 2014 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Zamudio & Greene 1997   Lachesis stenophrys Central American Bushmaster Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Zamudio & Greene 1997 Genus Porthidium (Hognosed Pitvipers)   Porthidium nasutum Rainforest Hognosed Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Porthidium ophryomegas Slender Hognosed Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   * Porthidium porrasi White-tailed Hognosed Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Lamar & Sasa 2003 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Porthidium volcanicum Ujarrán Hognosed Pitviper Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Cornelius 1982 (in Bjorndal, ed.) Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as agassizii] Zug 2013 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Cornelius 1982 (in Bjorndal, ed.) Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Zug 2013 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Cornelius 1982 (in Bjorndal, ed.) Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 Zug 2013  Family Chelydridae (American Snapping Turtles) Genus Chelydra (American Snapping Turtles)   Chelydra acutirostris South American Snapping Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002 [as serpentina]  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Cornelius 1982 (in Bjorndal, ed.) Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles) Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)   Trachemys grayi Western Central American Slider Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009   Trachemys venusta Eastern Central American Slider Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009  Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles) Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)   Rhinoclemmys annulata Brown Wood Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Rhinoclemmys funerea Black Wood Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima Painted Wood Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002  Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles) Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)   Kinosternon albogulare White-throated Mud Turtle Berry & Iverson 2011 Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 [as scorpioides] Forero-Medina & Castaño-Mora 2011 McCranie 2018 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 [as scorpioides] Savage & Bolaños 2009 [as scorpioides] Savage 2002 [as scorpioides] Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Kinosternon angustipons Narrow-bridged Mud Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002   Kinosternon leucostomum White-lipped Mud Turtle Bolaños, Savage & Chaves 2010 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2017 Sasa, Chaves & Porras 2010 Savage & Bolaños 2009 Savage 2002