Reptiles of
Maranhao [Brazil]

Related checklists:  Brazil

Bibliography of the reptiles of Maranhao Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Maranhao Introduced species
Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates
Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist
General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial.
Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:
Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards)
Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)
 
Amphisbaena alba

Common Red Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Amphisbaena filiformis

Babaculandia Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro, Gomes, Silva, Cintra & Silva 2016
 
Amphisbaena frontalis

Alagoado Worm Lizard

Amorim, Roberto & Avila 2014 [as A. ibijara] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as A. ibijara] Gans 2005 [as A. ibijara] Gomes & Maciel 2012 [as A. ibijara] Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 [as A. ibijara] Rodrigues, Andrade & Lima 2003 [as A. ibijara]
 
Amphisbaena fuliginosa

Spotted Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as amazonica] Roberto, Muniz Silva, Pinto & Avila 2021 Silveira 2007 Vanzolini 1951 [as fuliginosa] Vanzolini 2002
  *
Amphisbaena maranhensis

Maranhao Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gomes & Maciel 2012
 
Amphisbaena mitchelli

Marajo Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Amphisbaena vermicularis

Vermiculate Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans & Amdur 1966 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Aulura (Auro Worm Lizard)
 
Aulura anomala

Auro Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 1971 Gans 2005 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970
Genus Bronia (Brazilian Worm Lizards)
  *
Bronia kraoh

Godias Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Leposternon (South American Worm Lizards)
 
Leposternon polystegum

East Brazilian Worm Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva & Zaher 2011 Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos 2008 Tavares & Ribeiro 2014

Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans)
Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)
 
Caiman crocodilus

Common Caiman

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Busack & Pandya 2001 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Paleosuchus (Dwarf Caimans)
 
Paleosuchus palpebrosus

Cayenne Dwarf Caiman

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Paleosuchus trigonatus

Northwestern Dwarf Caiman

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017

Lizards (Sauria)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Anolidae (Anoles)
Genus Dactyloa (Fringe-toed Anoles)
 
Dactyloa punctata

Blue-spotted Green Anole

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
Genus Norops (Brilliant Anoles)
 
Norops brasiliensis

Brazilian Golden-scaled Anole

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 D'Angiolella, Gamble, Avila-Pires, Colli, Noonan & Vitt 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 
Norops fuscoauratus

Lichen-coloured Anole

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 
Norops meridionalis

Paraguayan Anole

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 
Norops ortonii

Amazon Bark Anole

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos)
Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)
 
Hemidactylus agrius

Piaui Half-toed Gecko

Andrade, Gomes, Freire & Cruz 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Hemidactylus brasilianus

Brazilian Half-toed Gecko

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Lygodactylus (African-Neotropical Dwarf Geckos)
 
Lygodactylus klugei

Pernambuco Dwarf Gecko

Lanna, Gehara, Werneck, Fonseca, Colli, Sites, Rodrigues & Garda 2020
 Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus)
Genus Arthrosaura (Creek Tejus)
 
Arthrosaura reticulata

Western Creek Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoogmoed & Avila-Pires 1992 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017
Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)
 
Cercosaura argulus

White-lipped Shade Teju

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Oliveira e Sousa, Vieira, Farias & Moura 2013 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Cercosaura olivacea

East Brazilian Shade Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 [as o. ocellata] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 [as ocellata] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as ocellata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 [as o. ocellata] Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 [as ocellata]
Genus Colobosaura (Short-thumbed Spectacled Tejus)
 
Colobosaura modesta

Morro da Garcza Spectacled Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freire, Jorge & Ribeiro 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Muniz, Vega, Chaves, Moura, Santos & Moura 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017
Genus Loxopholis (Western Root Tejus)
 
Loxopholis percarinata

Striped Root Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 Brunes, Silva, Marques-Souza, Rodrigues & Pellegrino 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017
Genus Micrablepharus (Snake-eyed Glossy Tejus)
 
Micrablepharus maximiliani

Blue-tailed Snake-eyed Glossy Teju

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Moura, Dayrell & Avelar Sao Pedro 2010 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Rodrigues 1996 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Neusticurus (Guianan Water Tejus)
 
Neusticurus bicarinatus

Two-keeled Water Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017
 Family Hoplocercidae (Club-tailed Iguanas)
Genus Hoplocercus (Eastern Club-tailed Iguana)
 
Hoplocercus spinosus

Eastern Club-tailed Iguana

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 Family Iguanidae (Greater Iguanas)
Genus Iguana (Green Iguanas)
 
Iguana iguana

South American Green Iguana

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Vanzolini 1972
 Family Leiosauridae (Smooth Iguanas)
Genus Enyalius (Fat-headed Anoles)
 
Enyalius leechii

Hexagon Fat-headed Anole

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos)
Genus Gymnodactylus (Naked-toed Geckos)
 
Gymnodactylus amarali

Maranhao Naked-toed Gecko

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 2005 [as carvalhoi]
Genus Phyllopezus (South American Robust Geckos)
 
Phyllopezus pollicaris

Common Robust Gecko

Condez, Tonini, Pereira-Ribeiro & Dubeux 2021 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968
Genus Thecadactylus (Turnip-tailed Geckos)
 
Thecadactylus rapicauda

Northern Turnip-tailed Gecko

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoogmoed 1973 Koehler & Vesely 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Vanzolini 1968
 Family Polychrotidae (Monkey Lizards)
Genus Polychrus (Monkey Lizards)
 
Polychrus acutirostris

Sharp-nosed Monkey Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Vanzolini 1983
 
Polychrus marmoratus

Marbled Monkey Lizard

Araujo-Neto, Tiburcio, Galdino, Goncalves & Silva 2012 Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
 Family Scincidae (Skinks)
Genus Brasiliscincus (Brazilian Small-headed Skinks)
 
Brasiliscincus heathi

Caatinga Small-headed Skink

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Copeoglossum (Neotropical Spotted Skinks)
 
Copeoglossum nigropunctatum

Black-spotted Skink

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miralles, Barrio-Amoros, Rivas & Chaparro-Auza 2006 Miralles, Rivas-Fuenmayor & Barrio-Amoros 2005 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016
Genus Manciola (South American Small-handed Skink)
 
Manciola guaporicola

South American Small-handed Skink

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Bras, Serra, Andrade & Costa 2021
Genus Notomabuya (Southern Neotropical Skink)
 
Notomabuya frenata

Southern Neotropical Skink

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pinto, Santos Cruz, Batista, Pereira & Penhacek 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016
Genus Varzea (Amazonian Floodplain Skinks)
 
Varzea bistriata

Lower Amazon Floodplain Skink

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016
 Family Sphaerodactylidae (Least Geckos, etc.)
Genus Coleodactylus (Sheath-toed Pygmy Geckos)
 
Coleodactylus meridionalis

Atlantic Forest Pygmy Gecko

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as septentrionalis] Geurgas, Rodrigues & Moritz 2008 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 
Coleodactylus septentrionalis

Northern Pygmy Gecko

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Gonatodes (American Padless Geckos)
 
Gonatodes humeralis

Bridled Forest Gecko

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoogmoed 1973 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Vanzolini 1968
 Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus)
Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)
 
Ameiva ameiva

South American Giant Ameiva

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Ameivula (Eastern South American Whiptails)
 
Ameivula ocellifera

Brazilian Ocellated Whiptail

Aparicio, Avila-Pires, Moravec & Nogueira 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha 1961 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Ameivula pyrrhogularis

Flame-throated Whiptail

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Cnemidophorus (Southern Whiptails)
 
Cnemidophorus cryptus

Bolivar Whiptail

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016
Genus Dracaena (Caiman Lizards)
 
Dracaena guianensis

Northern Caiman Lizard

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016
Genus Kentropyx (Spurred Whiptails)
 
Kentropyx calcarata

Striped Forest Whiptail

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Gallagher & Dixon 1992 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016
Genus Salvator (Southern Tejus)
 
Salvator merianae

Southern Black-and-White Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Tupinambis (Northern Tejus)
 
Tupinambis quadrilineatus

Four-striped Teju

Abrahao-Morato, Meer, Bornschein, Vieira Capela, Almeida Ulandowski & Zampier 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas & Barbosa de Moura 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018
 
Tupinambis teguixin

Amazonian Black-and-White Teju

Avila-Pires 1995 Colli, Peres & Cunha 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Murphy, Jowers, Lehtinen, Charles, Colli, Peres, Hendry & Pyron 2016 [based on map] Passos, Lima-Araujo, Melo & Borges-Nojosa 2013 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Silva, Ribeiro-Junior & Avila-Pires 2018
 Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas)
Genus Plica (Tree Runners)
 
Plica umbra

Smooth-necked Tree Runner

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015
Genus Stenocercus (Whorl-tailed Iguanas)
 
Stenocercus dumerilii

Para Whorl-tailed Iguana

Andrade, Lima & Maciel 2003 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Torres-Carvajal 2007
Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)
 
Tropidurus hispidus

Spotted Keel-tailed Iguana

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 Sousa Abreu, Frota & Yuki 2002
 
Tropidurus oreadicus

Cerrado Keel-tailed Iguana

Avila-Pires 1995 Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015 Rodrigues 1987 Santos, Sousa Abreu & Frota 2002
 
Tropidurus semitaeniatus

Striped Keel-tailed Iguana

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 
Tropidurus torquatus

Collared Keel-tailed Iguana

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rodrigues 1987
Genus Uracentron (South American Spiny-tailed Iguanas)
 
Uracentron azureum

Green Spiny-tailed Iguana

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge 1968 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Uranoscodon (Mop-headed Iguana)
 
Uranoscodon superciliosus

Mop-headed Iguana

Avila-Pires 1995 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Ribeiro-Junior 2015

Snakes (Serpentes)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Aniliidae (South American Pipe Snake)
Genus Anilius (South American Pipe Snake)
 
Anilius scytale

South American Pipe Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Maschio, Prudente, Rodrigues & Hoogmoed 2010
 Family Boidae (Typical Boas)
Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)
 
Boa constrictor

South American Red-tailed Boa

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Miranda, Matos, Araujo, Scarpa & Rocha 2013 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Corallus (Tree Boas)
 
Corallus batesii

Southern Emerald Tree Boa

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Henderson, Passos & Feitosa 2009
 
Corallus hortulana

Amazon Tree Boa

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 [as enydris]
Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)
 
Epicrates cenchria

Common Rainbow Boa

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Passos & Fernandes 2008
 
Epicrates crassus

Paraguayan Rainbow Boa

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)
 
Eunectes murinus

Green Anaconda

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 2002 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids)
Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)
 
Adelphostigma occipitalis

Bahia Leaf-litter Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Adelphostigma quadriocellata

Four-spotted Leaf-litter Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)
 
Apostolepis cearensis

Caatinga Blackhead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Apostolepis longicaudata

Piaui Blackhead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Apostolepis nigrolineata

Para Blackhead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Albuquerque 2010 [as pymi] Lema 2001 Lema, Queiroz & Martins 2017
 
Apostolepis polylepis

Hawkbeak Blackhead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Apostolepis sanctaeritae

Tocantins Blackhead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)
  *
Atractus akerios

Nova Vida Spindle Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021
 
Atractus alphonsehogei

Bela Vista Spindle Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Prudente, Ramos, Caicedo-Portilla & Lynch 2018 Passos, Ramos, Pinna & Prudente 2013 Prudente & Passos 2010 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014
 
Atractus snethlageae

Gurupi River Spindle Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Melo-Sampaio, Passos, Prudente, Venegas & Torres-Carvajal 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Passos, Ramos, Fouquet & Prudente 2017
 
Atractus tartarus

Vila Palestina Spindle Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Prudente & Lynch 2016
Genus Chironius (Sipos)
 
Chironius carinatus

Yellow-lipped Sipo

Araujo, Franca, Nascimento, Orsi Laranjeiras & Rodrigues Franca 2019 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978
 
Chironius exoletus

Green Sipo

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978
 
Chironius flavolineatus

Yellow-striped Sipo

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015 Hamdan, Scali & Fernandes 2014 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Chironius fuscus

Brown Sipo

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Chironius multiventris

Peruvian Sipo

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 [as cochranae] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Chironius scurrulus

Rusty Sipo

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Chlorosoma (Green Bush Racers)
 
Chlorosoma viridissimum

Emerald Bush Racer

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Rocha & Loebmann 2018 Freitas, Franca & Bernarde 2012 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)
 
Clelia clelia

Common Snake Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002
 
Clelia plumbea

Plumbeous Snake Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970
Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)
 
Dipsas catesbyi

Ornate Snail Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Lima & Prudente 2009 Sanchez-Martinez, Franca & Trevine 2022
 
Dipsas mikanii

Brazilian White-collared Snail Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha, Nascimento & Hoge 1980 Freitas, Almeida, Almeida, Danin & Moura 2014 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Dipsas pavonina

Northern Snail Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima & Prudente 2009
 
Dipsas variegata

Many-banded Snail Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Drepanoides (Amazon Egg Eater)
 
Drepanoides anomalus

Amazon Egg Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020
Genus Drymarchon (Indigo Snakes and Cribos)
 
Drymarchon corais

Yellow-tailed Cribo

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Prudente, Menks, Silva & Maschio 2014 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Drymoluber (Glossy Racers)
 
Drymoluber dichrous

Northern Glossy Racer

Caldeira-Costa, Ribeiro-Moura & Neves-Feio 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)
 
Dryophylax hypoconia

Southern Mock Viper

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)
 
Erythrolamprus aesculapii

Southern Mock Coral Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Erythrolamprus almadensis

Almada Smooth Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rufino 1999
 
Erythrolamprus miliaris

Military Smooth Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Erythrolamprus oligolepis

Para Smooth Snake

Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Freitas, Bernarde & Uhlig 2013 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus

Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Rufino 1998
 
Erythrolamprus reginae

Northern Royal Smooth Snake

Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978
 
Erythrolamprus taeniogaster

Banded Smooth Snake

Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Erythrolamprus typhlus

Velvety Smooth Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987
 
Erythrolamprus viridis

Brazilian Green Smooth Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)
 
Helicops angulatus

Brown-banded Keelback

Borges-Nojosa, Dourado de Mesquita & Fernandes-Ferreira 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Frota 2005 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Roberto, Ribeiro, Sousa-Delfino & Oliveira-Almeida 2009 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 
Helicops leopardinus

Leopard Keelback

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021
 
Helicops phantasma

Phantom Keelback

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021
 
Helicops trivittatus

Three-striped Keelback

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Oliveira, Silva, Santos, Barriga, Gabriel & Costa-Campos 2015
Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)
 
Hydrodynastes bicinctus

Two-banded False Water Cobra

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007
 
Hydrodynastes gigas

Giant False Water Cobra

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Hydrodynastes melanogigas

Black False Water Cobra

Santos-Junior, Adams, Buhler, Ribeiro & Carvalho 2017 Silva, Hamdan, Tonial, Silva & Cintra 2012
Genus Hydrops (South American Mud Snakes)
 
Hydrops martii

Coral Mud Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Pinheiro, Borges & Loebmann 2017 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Roze 1957
 
Hydrops triangularis

Red-sided Mud Snake

Albuquerque & Lema 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Zaher & Caramaschi 1996
Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)
 
Imantodes cenchoa

Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)
 
Leptodeira annulata

South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake

Barrio-Amoros 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Duellman 1958 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)
 
Leptophis ahaetulla

Common Green Parrot Snake

Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Oliver 1948
Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)
 
Lygophis dilepis

Northern Striped Ground Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Lygophis lineatus

Western Striped Ground Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978
 
Lygophis meridionalis

Paraguayan Striped Ground Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Lygophis paucidens

Cerrado Striped Ground Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Serrano, Vieira-Alencar, Diaz-Ricaurte & Nogueira 2020 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Mastigodryas (Neotropical Lizard Eaters)
 
Mastigodryas boddaerti

Brown Lizard Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Siqueira, Nascimento & Santos-Costa 2012 Siqueira, Nascimento, Montingelli & Santos-Costa 2013
Genus Oxybelis (Neotropical Vine Snakes)
 
Oxybelis aeneus

Brown Vine Snake

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
 
Oxybelis fulgidus

Green Vine Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Scartozzoni, Salomao & Almeida-Santos 2009
Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)
 
Oxyrhopus formosus

Yellow-headed Calico Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Oxyrhopus guibei

Parana Calico Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Oxyrhopus melanogenys

Black-headed Calico Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha & Nascimento 1983 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Oxyrhopus petolarius

Banded Calico Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 
Oxyrhopus trigeminus

Northern Brazilian Calico Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)
 
Palusophis bifossatus

Eastern Lizard Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019
Genus Phalotris (South American Collared Snakes)
 
Phalotris labiomaculatus

Lip-spotted Collared Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Hamdan, Silva, Silva, Cintra & Lema 2013 Lema 2002
Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)
 
Philodryas nattereri

Paraguay Bush Racer

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Smith, Scott, Cacciali, Atkinson & Pheasey 2013
 
Philodryas olfersii

Common Green Bush Racer

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)
 
Phimophis guerini

Argentine Shovel-nosed Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Phrynonax (Neotropical Bird Snakes)
 
Phrynonax sexcarinatus

Southern Bird Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as polylepis] Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 [as poecilonotus]
Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)
 
Pseudablabes patagoniensis

Patagonian Bush Racer

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017
Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)
 
Pseudoboa coronata

Black-headed Scarlet Snake

Caldeira Costa, Cotta & MacCulloch 2015 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008
 
Pseudoboa neuwiedii

Northern Scarlet Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008
 
Pseudoboa nigra

Blackish Scarlet Snake

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Orofino, Pizzatto & Marques 2010
Genus Pseudoeryx (Dusky Mud Snakes)
 
Pseudoeryx plicatilis

Dusky Mud Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Scartozzoni, Trevine & Germano 2010
Genus Psomophis (Smooth Ground Snakes)
 
Psomophis joberti

Brazilian Ground Snake

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Rhinobothryum (Ringed Snakes)
 
Rhinobothryum lentiginosum

Amazon Ringed Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Rodriguesophis (Collared Sharp-nosed Snakes)
 
Rodriguesophis iglesiasi

Piaui Sharp-nosed Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Sibon (Neotropical Snail Eaters)
 
Sibon nebulatus

Cloudy Snail Eater

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Oitaven, Moura, Freitas & Franca 2018 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)
 
Siphlophis cervinus

Common Liana Snake

Chippaux 1987 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zaher & Prudente 1999
Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)
 
Spilotes pullatus

Chicken Snake

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 
Spilotes sulphureus

Yellow-bellied Puffing Snake

Andrade, Santos-Almeida & Reis-Dias 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Taeniophallus (Lowland Dwarf Leaf-litter Snakes)
 
Taeniophallus brevirostris

Short-nosed Leaf-litter Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Morais, Mott, Kawashita-Ribeiro & Santos 2010
Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)
 
Tantilla melanocephala

South American Black-headed Centipede Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Thamnodynastes (South American Mock Vipers)
 
Thamnodynastes pallidus

Common South American Mock Viper

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021
Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)
 
Xenodon merremii

Toad-eating Mock Lancehead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 
Xenodon rabdocephalus

Common Mock Lancehead

Andrade-Lima, Freitas, Dubeux, Sales Nunes, Roberto & Carvalho Kokubum 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)
 
Xenopholis undulatus

Southern Flat-headed Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann 2009
Genus Xenoxybelis (South American Vine Snakes)
 
Xenoxybelis argenteus

Green-striped Vine Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Prudente, Silva, Rocha & Franco 2008
 Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.)
Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)
 
Micrurus brasiliensis

Brazilian Coral Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014
 
Micrurus filiformis

South American Slender Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Roze 1996
 
Micrurus hemprichii

Worm-eating Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019
 
Micrurus ibiboboca

Caatinga Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014 Roze 1996 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016 [as "aff. ibiboboca"] Vanzolini, Ramos-Costa & Vitt 1980
 
Micrurus lemniscatus

Northern Ribbon Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Roze 1996
 
Micrurus paraensis

Para Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feitosa, Prudente & Lima 2007 Feitosa, Silva, Pires, Zaher & Prudente 2015 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Roze 1996
 
Micrurus spixii

Central Amazonian Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019
 
Micrurus surinamensis

Amazonian Aquatic Coral Snake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Nascimento, Silva, Feitosa & Prudente 2019 Roze 1996
 Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes)
Genus Trilepida (Three-scaled Thread Snakes)
 
Trilepida brasiliensis

Bahia Thread Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pinto & Curcio 2011 Pinto & Fernandes 2012
 
Trilepida fuliginosa

Preto River Thread Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Queiroz, Sousa & Hamdan 2020
 
Trilepida macrolepis

Large-scaled Thread Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes)
Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)
 
Amerotyphlops amoipira

Amoipira Blind Snake

Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019
 
Amerotyphlops brongersmianus

Bahia Blind Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Loebmann 2008
 
Amerotyphlops paucisquamus

Small-scaled Blind Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Graboski, Arredondo, Grazziotin, Silva, Prudente, Rodrigues, Bonatto & Zaher 2019
 
Amerotyphlops reticulatus

Reticulated Blind Snake

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 Family Viperidae (Vipers)
Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)
 
Bothrops atrox

Common Lancehead

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Hoge, Romano & Cordeiro 1978
 
Bothrops marajoensis

Marajo Lancehead

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 
Bothrops taeniatus

Speckled Forest Pitviper

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 [as B. c. castelnaudi] Souza, Venancio, Freitas, Souza & Verissimo 2013
Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)
 
Crotalus durissus

South American Rattlesnake

Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes, Nogueira & Marques 2014 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Lachesis (Bushmasters)
 
Lachesis muta

South American Bushmaster

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981

Turtles (Testudines)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles)
Genus Chelus (Matamatas)
 
Chelus fimbriata

Southern Matamata

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vargas-Ramirez, Caballero, Morales-Betancourt, Lasso, Amaya, Martinez, Silva Viana, Vogt, Pires Farias, Hrbek, Campbell & Fritz 2020
Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)
 
Mesoclemmys gibba

Gibba Toad-headed Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 
Mesoclemmys perplexa

Piaui Toad-headed Turtle

Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 
Mesoclemmys tuberculata

Tuberculate Toad-headed Turtle

Batistella, Poetter, Barreto & Vogt 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Santana, Marques, Vieira, Moura, Faria & Mesquita 2016
 
Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei

Tobati Toad-headed Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Silva Brito, Dorado-Rodrigues & Martins Valadao 2019
Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)
 
Phrynops geoffroanus

Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
Genus Platemys (Twist-necked Turtle)
 
Platemys platycephala

Twist-necked Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017
 Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles)
Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)
 
Caretta caretta

Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Parente, Lontra & Araujo 2006
Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)
 
Chelonia mydas

Green Sea Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012
Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)
 
Eretmochelys imbricata

Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)
 
Lepidochelys olivacea

Olive Ridley Sea Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021
 Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
 
Dermochelys coriacea

Leatherback Sea Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann, Legat, Legat, De Camargo, Erthal, Machado & De Goes 2008 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Padua-Almeida, Thome, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011
 Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles)
Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)
 
Trachemys adiutrix

Maranhao Slider

Araujo, Ribeiro, Andrade, Pereira, Guzzi & Avila 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Miranda, Costa & Rocha 2012 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Vanzolini 1995
 Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles)
Genus Rhinoclemmys (Neotropical Wood Turtles)
 
Rhinoclemmys punctularia

Eastern Spotted-legged Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Pereira, Santos, Vasconcelos & Oda 2013 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Silva, Resende, Paranhos & Barreto 2011 Silva, Rocha & Nogueira-Paranhos 2016
 Family Kinosternidae (American Mud and Musk Turtles)
Genus Kinosternon (American Mud Turtles)
 
Kinosternon scorpioides

Scorpion Mud Turtle

Barreto, Lima & Barbosa 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 Family Podocnemididae (Giant Side-necked Turtles)
Genus Podocnemis (South American Side-necked River Turtles)
 
Podocnemis expansa

Giant South American River Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 
Podocnemis unifilis

Yellow-spotted Amazon River Turtle

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)
Genus Chelonoidis (South American Tortoises)
 
Chelonoidis carbonarius

South American Red-footed Tortoise

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021
 
Chelonoidis denticulatus

South American Yellow-footed Tortoise

Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Freitas, Vieira, Entiauspe-Neto, Oliveira-e-Sousa, Farias, Sousa & Moura 2017 McCord & Joseph-Ouni 2004 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021