Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates






Related bibliographies:

Canada
Mexico
USA

Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean

Reptiles
Lizards
Anguidae
Anniellidae
Corytophanidae
Crotaphytidae
Dactyloidae
Dibamidae
Eublepharidae
Gekkonidae
Gymnophthalmidae
Helodermatidae
Iguanidae
Leiocephalidae
Phrynosomatidae
Phyllodactylidae
Scincidae
Sphaerodactylidae
Teiidae
Xantusiidae
Xenosauridae
Snakes
Boidae
Colubridae
Elapidae 1
[terrestrial species]
Elapidae 2
[marine species]
Leptotyphlopidae
Loxocemidae
Typhlopidae
Viperidae
Turtles
Cheloniidae
Chelydridae
Dermatemydidae
Dermochelyidae
Emydidae
Geoemydidae
Kinosternidae
Staurotypidae
Testudinidae
Trionychidae
Worm Lizards
Bipedidae
Rhineuridae
Crocodilians
Alligatoridae
Crocodylidae










































































































































































































































































































































Bibliography of the reptiles of
North America (herein: Canada, USA, Mexico)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Anonymous. 1956. Common names for North American amphibians and reptiles. Copeia 1956: 172-185.

Anonymous. 2003. Common names of North American geckos. Chit Chat (Newsletter of the GGA) 12): 3-4.

Adler, K.K. 1979. A brief history of herpetology in North America before 1900. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 40 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 8).

Alfaro, M.E.; Arnold, S.J. 2001. Molecular systematics and evolution of Regina and the thamnophiine snakes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21(3): 408-423.

Allen, D.L. 1967. The life of prairies and plains. McGraw-Hill, New York. 232 pp.

Allen, T.B. 1974. Vanishing wildlife of North America. The National Geofraphic Society, Washington D.C. 207 pp.

Amaral, A. do 1927. Notes on Nearctic poisonous snakes and treatment of their bites. Bulletin of the Antivenin Institute of America 1(3): 61-76.

Anderson, S. 1984. Areography of North American fishes, amphibians and reptiles. American Museum Novitates 2802: 1-16.

Arment, C. 2008. Boss Snakes: Stories and Sightings of Giant Snakes in North America. Coachwhip Publications, Landisville, Pennsylvania. 389 pp.

Banta, B.H. 1971. The report of Captain Howard Stansbury and the original descriptions of some western North American amphibians and reptiles. Wasmann Journal of Biology 29: 169-184.

Barbour, T. 1920. An addition to the American check-List. Copeia 1920(84): 68-69.

Bartlett, R.D.; Bartlett, P.P.P. 2009. Guide and Reference to the Turtles & Lizards of Western North America (North of Mexico) and Hawaii. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 315 pp.

Bartlett, R.D.; Bartlett, P.P.P. 2009. Guide and Reference to Snakes of Western North America (North of Mexico) and Hawaii. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 278 pp.

Battersby, J.C. 1957. Review: Handbook of snakes of the United States and Canada by A.H. & A.A. Wright, 1957. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (London) 10(12): 701-702.

Beltz, E. 1994. Citations for the original descriptions of North American amphibians and reptiles. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 44 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 24).

Blaustein, A.R.; Beatty, J.J.; Olson, D.H.; Storm, R.M. 1995. The biology of amphibians and reptiles in old-growth forests in the Pacific northwest. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PSW 337: 1-98.

Boulenger, G.A. 1887. On the affinity of the North-American lizard-fauna. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 5) (London) 20(119): 345-346.

Boulenger, G.A. 1888. On the affinity of the North-American lizard fauna. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Ser. 6) (London) 1(2): 107-109.

Boulenger, G.A. 1968. Contributions to American herpetology. Collected Papers, Part 5. Fascimile reprint by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 29 pp.

Braun-McNeill, J.; Epperly, S.P. 2002. Spatial and temporal distribution of Sea Turtles in the western North Atlantic and the U.S. Gulf of Mexico from marine recreational fishery statistics survey (MRFSS). U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service Marine Fisheries Review 64(4): 50-56.

Brown, A.E. 1901. A review of the genera and species of American snakes, North of Mexico. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 53: 10-110.

Brown, A.E. 1904. Post-glacial Nearctic centres of dispersal for reptiles. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 56: 464-474.

Brown, L. 1986. The Audubon Society nature guides. Grasslands. Alfred A. Knopf Inc., New York. 606 pp.

Burbrink, F.T.; Crother, B.I.; Lawson, R. 2007. The destabilization of North American colubroid snake taxonomy. Herpetological Review 38(3): 273-278.

Burt, C.E. 1935. A key to the lizards of the United States and Canada. Kansas Acad. Science 38: 255-305.

Burton, L.D. 1995. Ecology of fish and wildlife. Delmar Publishers, Albany, Bonn etc. 420 pp.

Campbell, R.W.; Shepard, M.G.; Raay, B.M. van der; Gregory, P.T. 1982. A bibliography of Pacific Northwest herpetology. British Columbia Provincial Museum Heritage Record 14: 1-152.

Carr, A. 1995. Handbook of Turtles: The Turtles of the United States, Canada, and Baja California. (Reprint, first published in 1952). Cornell University Press, Ithaka, N.Y. 542 pp.

Collins, H.H. 1981. Harper and Row's complete field guide to North American wildlife. Harper & Row, New York, Philadelphia etc. 714 pp.

Collins, J.T. 1990. Standard common and current scientific names for North America amphibians and reptiles. 3rd ed. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 41 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 19).

Collins, J.T. 1991. Viewpoint: a new taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles. Herpetological Review 22(2): 42-43.

Collins, J.T. 1997. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 4th ed. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 40 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 25).

Collins, J.T.; Conant, R.; Huheey, J.E.; Knight, J.L.; Rundquist, E.M.; Smith, H.M. 1982. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 2nd ed. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 28 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 12).

Collins, J.T.; Huheey, J.E.; Knight, J.L.; Smith, H.M. 1978. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians and reptiles. 1st ed. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 36 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 7).

Collins, J.T.; Taggart, T.W. 2009. Standard common and current scientific names for North American amphibians, turtles, reptiles & crocodilians. Sixth edition. Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrence. 44 pp.

Conant, R. 1975. A field guide to reptiles and amphibians of eastern and Central North America. 2nd ed. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. 429 pp.

Conant, R. 1978. Distributional patterns of North American snakes: some examples of the effects of Pleistocene glaciation and subsequent climatic changes. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 14(4): 241-259.

Conant, R.; Collins, J.; Stebbins, R.C. 1999. Peterson First Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, Massachusetts. 128 pp.

Conant, R.; Collins, J.T. 1991. Reptiles and amphibians. Eastern/central North America. 3rd ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston & New York, Peterson Field Guide Series no. 12. 450 pp.

Conant, R.; Collins, J.T. 1998. A field guide to reptiles & amphibians. Eastern and central North America. 3rd, expanded ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston & New York, Peterson Field Guide Series no. 12. 616 pp.

Cope, E.D. 1864. Contributions to the herpetology of North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1864: 166-181.

Cope, E.D. 1875. Check-List of North American Batrachia and Reptilia. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1: 1-104.

Cope, E.D. 1876. On the Distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia in North America. Proceedings Am. Ass. 24(2): 197-201.

Cope, E.D. 1883. Notes on the geographical distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia in western North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1883: 10-35.

Cope, E.D. 1892. A critical review of the characters and variations of the snakes of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 14: 589-694.

Cope, E.D. 1896. The geographica1 distribution of Batrachia and Reptilia in North America. American Naturalist 30: 886-902, 1003-1026.

Cope, E.D. 1897. Sixth contribution to the knowledge of the Marine fauna of North America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 35: 139-146.

Cope, E.D. 1900. The Crocodilians, Lizards, and Snakes of North America. Reports of the United States National Museum 1898 [1900]: 153-1270.

Corn, P.S.; Peterson, C.R. 1996. Prairie legacies - amphibians and reptiles. pp. 125-134. In: Samson, F.B. & Knopf, F.L. (eds.). Prairie conservation: preserving North America's most endangered ecosystem. Island Press, Washington D.C. & Covelo. 339 pp.

Cox, C.L.; Boback, S.M.; Guyer, C. 2011. Spatial dynamics of body size frequency distributions for North American squamates. Evolutionary Biology (New York) 38(4): 453-464.

Crother, B.I. (ed.). 2012. Scientific and standard English and French names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 7th ed. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 92 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 39).

Crother, B.I. (ed.). 2017. Scientific and standard English and French names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. 8th ed. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 99 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 43).

Crother, B.I.; Boundy, J.; Campbell, J.A.; Quieroz, K. de; Frost, D.; Green, D.M.; Highton, R.; Iverson, J.B.; McDiarmid, R.W.; Meylan, P.A.; Reeder, T.W.; Seidel, M.E.; Sites, J.W.; Tilley, S.G.; Wake, D. 2003. Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North America north of Mexico: update. Herpetological Review 34(3): 196-203.

Currie, D.J. 1991. Energy and large scale patterns of animal- and plant-species richness. American Naturalist 137(1): 27-49.

Davis, N.S.; Rice, F.L. 1883. North American, Batrachia and Reptilia found east of the Mississippi River. Bull. Illin. Lab. Nat. Hist. 5: Unpaginated.

Dearolf, K. 1956. Survey of North American cave vertebrates. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 30: 201-210.

DeCatanzaro, R.; Chow-Fraser, P. 2010. Relationship of road density and marsh condition to turtle assemblage characteristics in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 36(2): 357-365.

Denburgh, J. van 1894. Annotated list of reptiles and batrachians. Report of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries on investigations in the Columbia River Basin in regard to the salmon fisheries. Washington. pp. 56-57.

Devender, T.R. van; Lowe, C.H.; McCrystal, H.K.; Lawler, H.E. 1992. Viewpoint: reconsider suggested systematic arrangements for some North American amphibians and reptiles. Herpetological Review 23(1): 10-14.

Ditmars, R.L. 1930. The poisonous serpents of the New World. Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society 33: 79-99.

Ditmars, R.L. 1936. The reptiles of North America. Doubleday, Doran & Co., New York. 476 pp.

Ditmars, R.L. 1939. A field book of North American snakes. Doubleday, Doran & Co., New York. 305 pp.

Donahue, J.C.; Shaw-Draves, C. 2018. Snakes in American Culture. A Hisstory. McFarland & Co., Jefferson, North Carolina. 228 pp.

Dowling, H.G. 1975. A classification and checklist of the species of amphibians and reptiles found in the United States and Canada. Publications Herpet. 8: 175-189.

Dowling, H.G. 1977. The Nearctic snake fauna. Publications Herpet. 8 [1975]: 190-202.

Dunn, E.R. 1931. The herpetological fauna of the Americas. Copeia 1931: 106-119.

Ennen, J.R.; Agha, M.; Matamoros, W.A.; Hazzard, S.C.; Lovich, J.E. 2016. Using climate, energy, and spatial-based hypotheses to interpret macroecological patterns of North America chelonians. Canadian Journal of Zoology 94(7): 453-461.

Ennen, J.R.; Matamoros, W.A.; Agha, M.; Lovich, J.E.; Sweat, S.C.; Hoagstrom, C.W. 2017. Hierarchical, quantitative biogeographic provinces for all North American turtles and their contribution to the biogeography of turtles and the continent. Herpetological Monographs 31(1):142-168.

Ernst, C.H. 1992. Venomous reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. & London. 236 pp.

Ernst, C.H. 1999. Venomous Reptiles of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 236 pp.

Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 2011. Venomous reptiles of the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico. Volume 1: Heloderma, Micruroides, Micrurus, Pelamis, Agkistrodon, Sistrurus. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 352 pp.

Ernst, C.H.; Ernst, E.M. 2012. Venomous reptiles of the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico. Volume 2: Crotalus. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 424 pp.

Finch, D.M. 1992. Threatened, endangered, and vulnerable species of terrestrial vertebrates in the Rocky Mountain region. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM 215: 1-38.

Forey, P.; Fitzsimons, C. 1987. An instant guide to reptiles & amphibians. Bonanza Books, New York. 124 pp.

Forsman, A.; Aberg, V. 2008. Variable coLoration is associated with more northerly geographic range limits and larger range sizes in North American lizards and snakes. Evolutionary Ecology Research 10(7): 1025-1036.

Frey, D.G. (ed.) 1963. Limnology in North America. University of Wisconsin Press. 734 pp.

García-Vázquez, U.O.; Canseco-Marquez, L. 2006. Natural history notes: Phrynosoma taurus (Mexican Horned Lizard). Defensive behavior. Herpetological Review 37(3): 347.

Garman, S. 1883. North American Reptiles. Part I. Ophidia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 2(31): 185 pp.

Garman, S. 1885. The North American reptiles and batrachians. A list of the species occurring North of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with references. Bull. Essex Inst. 16: Unpaginated.

Garman, S. 2007. The Reptiles & Batrachians of North America. (Facsimile reprint, first published in 1883). Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrence, Kansas. 185 pp.

Germano, D.J. 2015. Book review: Biology & Conservation of North American Tortoises. Copeia 103(1): 217-219.

Gibbons, J.W. 1988. The management of amphibians, reptiles and small mammals in North America: the need for an environmental attitude adjustment. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM 166: 4-10.

Gibbons, J.W. 1988. The management of amphibians, reptiles and small mammals in North America: the need for an environmental attitude adjustment. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM 166: 4-10.

Gibbons, W. 1983. Their blood runs cold. Adventures with reptiles and amphibians. University of Alabama Press. 164 pp.

Gill, T. 1903. The first edition of Holbrook's North American herpetology. Science 2(17): 910-912.

Gomez, H.F.; Dart, R.C. 1995. Clinical toxicology of snakebite in North America. pp. 619-644. In: Meier, J. & White, J. (eds.). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons. CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York, etc. 752 pp.

Graham, S.P. 2018. American Snakes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 312 pp.

Gutberlet, R.L.; Harvey, M.B. 2004. The evolution of New World venomous snakes. pp. 634-682. In: Campbell, J.A.; Lamar, W.W. The venomous reptiles of the Western Hemisphere. Vol. 2. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca & London. pp. 477-870.

Hanley, W. 1977. Natural history in America. New York Times Co., New York. 339 pp.

Harding, J. 2000. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 378 pp.

Harding, J.H. 1997. Amphibians and reptiles of the Great Lakes region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 378 pp.

Harding, J.H.; Mifsud, D.A. 2017. Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. 424 pp.

Harper, F. 1940. Some works of Bartram, Daudin, Latreille, and Sonnini, and their bearing upon North American herpetological nomenclature. American Midland Naturalist 23(3): 692-723.

Hay, O.P. 1892. On the breeding habits, eggs, and young of certain snakes. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 15: 385-397.

Hennig, A.S. 2006. Nordamerikanische Wasserschildkröten im Freilandterrarium. 1. Allgemeine Bemerkungen. Reptilia (D) 11(60): 68-71.

Hennig, A.S. 2006. Nordamerikanische Wasserschildkröten im Freilandterrarium. 2. Geeignete Arten. Reptilia (D) 11(61): 72-76.

Howell, C.H. 2015. Reptiles & Amphibians of North America. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. 174 pp.

Kirkpatrick, D.T. 2006. Aquatic Turtles: A Complete Guide to Sliders, Cooters, Maps, and More. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 128 pp.

Klauber, L.M. 1940. The worm snakes of the genus Leptotyphlops in the United States and northern Mexico. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History 9: 87-162.

Knobel, E. 1896. The turtles, snakes, frogs and other reptiles and amphibians of new England and the North. Bradlee Whidden, Boston. 47 pp.

Leduc, J.C.; Kozlowicz, K.J.; Litzgus, J.D.; Lesbarréres, D. 2012. Ecology of herpetofaunal populations in smelting tailings wetlands. Herpetology Notes 5: 115-125.

Leviton, A.E. 1971. Reptiles and amphibians of North America. Doubleday & Company, Inc., New York. 250 pp.

Liner, E.A. 2012. Linnaeus's amphibians and reptiles of the New World excluding South America. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 9(1-2): 98-103.

Lowe, C.H. 1989. The riparianness of a desert herpetofauna. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report PSW 110: 143-148.

Macey, J.R.; Schulte, J.A.; Strasburg, J.L.; Brisson, J.A.; Larson, A.; Ananjeva, N.B.; Wang, Y.; Parham, J.F.; Papenfuss, T.J. 2006. Assembly of the eastern North American herpetofauna: new evidence from lizards and frogs. Biology Letters 2(3): 388-392.

Mara, W.P. 1996. Desert Snakes of North America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City, New Jersey. 64 pp.

Mattison, C. 1994. The reptiles of south west North America. Rephiberary 203: 9-12.

Mayers, Z. 2008. Plestiodon obsoletus (Great Plains Skink). Journal of Kansas Herpetology 26: 6.

McDiarmid, R.W.; Mitchell, J.C. 2000. Diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles. pp. 15-69. In: Sparling, D.W.; Linder, G.; Bishop, C.A. (eds.). Ecotoxicology of amphibians and reptiles. SETAC, Pensacola, Florida & Brussels. 877 pp.

McKenzie, D. 1982. The northern Great Basin region. pp. 67-102. In: Bender, G.L. Reference handbook of the deserts of North America. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut & London, England. 594 pp.

McMorris, J.R. 1970. Herpetological distriburion and life history notes for Hawaii and western North America. Great Basin Naturalist 30: 106-107.

Mertens, R. 1951. Zwischen Atlantik und Pazifik. Zoologische Reiseskizzen aus Nordamerika. Kernen, Stuttgart. 127 pp.

Meserve, P.L.; Jaksic, F.M. 1991. Comparisons of terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in temperate rainforests of North and South America. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 64(3): 511-535.

Montanucci, R.R. 1992. Commentary on a proposed taxonomic arrangement for some North American amphibians and reptiles. Herpetological Review 23(1): 9-10.

Muñoz, D.; Aiello, C.M. 2015. Book review: Biology and Conservation of North American Tortoises. Herpetological Review 46(2): 288-289.

Munscher, E.C.; Kuhns, E.H.; Munscher, J.S. 2013. The North American Freshwater Turtle Research Group (NAFTRG). Turtle Survival Alliance 2013: 12-13.

Ohmart, R.D.; Anderson, B.W. 1982. North American desert riparian ecosystems. pp. 433-479. In: Bender, G.L. Reference handbook of the deserts of North America. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut & London, England. 594 pp.

Olalla-Tarraga, M.A.; Rodriguez, M.A.; Hawkins, B.A. 2006. Broad-scale patterns of body size in squamate reptiles of Europe and North America. Journal of Biogeography 33(5): 781-793.

Oliver, J.A. 1955. The natural history of North American amphibians and reptiles. Van Nostrand, Princeton. 359 pp.

Olson, D.H. (ed.) 2009. Herpetological conservation in northwestern North America. Northwestern Naturalist 90(2): 61-96.

Pfrender, M.E.; Bradshaw, W.E.; Kleckner, C.A. 1998. Patterns in the geographical range sizes of ectotherms in North America. Oecologia (Heidelberg) 115(3): 439-444.

Pianka, E.R. 1966. Species diversity and ecology of flatland desert lizards in western North America. Dissertation Abstracts (B) 27: 334-335.

Pianka, E.R. 1967. On lizard species diversity: North American flatland deserts. Ecology 48: 333-351.

Platt, D.R. 1979. Another view of the SSAR common names list. Herpetological Review 10(1): 29.

Pollock, L.W. 1998. A practical guide to the marine animals of northeastern North America. Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey & London. 367 pp.

Pope, C.H. 1939. Turtles of the United States and Canada. A.A. Knopf, New York. 351 pp.

Pope, C.H. 1944. The poisonous snakes of the New World. N. York Zool. Soc. 1944 56 pp. photos col. pls., and in Bull. N. York Zool. Soc. 47 (unpaginated).

Pope, C.H. 1945. The poisonous snakes of the New World. Pt. 4 & 5. Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society 48: 17-23, 44-47.

Powell, R.; Conant, R.; Collins, J.T. 2016. Field guide to reptiles & amphibians of eastern and central North America. 4th ed. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston & New York. 512 pp.

Purdy, S.E.; Moyle, P.B.; Tate, K.W. 2012. Montane meadows in the Sierra Nevada: comparing terrestrial and aquatic assessment methods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184(11): 6967-6986.

Quinn, H.; Quinn, H. 1993. Estimated number of snake species that can be managed by Species Survival Plans in North America. Zoo Biology 12(3): 243-255.

Radovich, J. 1961. Relationships of some marine organisms of the northeast Pacific to water temperatures particularly daring 1957 through 1959. Fish Bull. Sacramento 112: 1-62.

Rafinesque, C.S. 1820. Annals of nature or annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, plants, etc. discovered in North America. First Annual Number, for 1820. Privately published, Lexington, Kentucky. 16 pp.

Ransom, J.E. 1981. Harper & Row's complete field guide to North American wildlife. Western edition. Harper & Row, New York, Hagerstown & Philadelphia. 809 pp.

Reed, R.N. 2003. Interspecific patterns of species richness, geographic range size, and body size among New World venomous snakes. Ecography 26(1): 107-117.

Reed, R.N.; Boback, S.M. 2002. Does body size predict dates of species description among North American and Australian reptiles and amphibians? Global Ecology and Biogeography 11(1): 41-47.

Richmond, J.Q. 2006. Evolutionary basis of parallelism in North American scincid lizards. Evolution & Development 8(6): 477-490.

Riddle, B.R.; Hafner, D.J. 2006. Biogeografia historica de los desiertos calidos de Norteamerica. Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science 32: 57-65.

Rogers, L.L.; Mansfield, S.A.; Hornby, K.; Hornby, S.; Debruyn, T.D.; Mize, M.; Clark, R.W.; Burghardt, G.M. 2014. Black bear reactions to venomous and non-venomous snakes in eastern North America. Ethology 120(7): 641-651.

Rosen, P.C. 2008. Aridlands turtles in Southwestern North America II. A review of conservation status and problems. Sonoran Herpetologist 21(12): 130-135.

Rosen, P.C.; Herrmann, H.W. 2008. Aridlands turtles in southwestern North America I. Definition and description of fauna. Sonoran Herpetologist 21(11): 118-122.

Rossi, J.V.; Rossi, R. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada: natural history and care in captivity. Krieger, Malabar, Florida. 520 pp.

Savage, J.M. 1976. An Illustrated Key to Lizards, Snakes and Turtles of the West. (Reprint of 1959 original?). Naturegraph, Happy Camp. 36 pp.

Schmidt, K.P. 1946. On the zoo-geography of the Holarctic Region. Copeia 1946(3): 144-152.

Schmidt, K.P. 1953. A checklist of North American amphibians and reptiles. (6th ed.). American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (University of Chicago Press.....?), Chicago. 280 pp.

Schmidt, K.P. 1954. Omissions from the sixth edition of the check list of North American amphibians and reptiles. Copeia 1954: 304-306.

Schmidt, K.P.; Davis, D.D. 1941. Field book of snakes of the United States and Canada. Putnam's Sons, New York. 365 pp.

Scott, C. 1996. Snake Lovers' Lifelist and Journal. University of Texas Press, Austin. 246 pp.

Smith, H.M. 1995. Handbook of lizards: lizards of the United States and of Canada. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London. 557 pp. (Reprint of 1946 original).

Smith, H.M.; Brodie, E.D. 1982. A guide to field identification. Reptiles of North America. Golden Press, New York. 240 pp.

Smith, H.M.; Brodie, E.D. 2001. Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. (Reprint, first published in 1982). St Martin's Press, New York. 240 pp.

Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D. 1996. Further evidence of the importance of the Wyoming corridor in herpetozoan distribution. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 32(1): 28-31.

Stebbins, R.C. 1985. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. 2nd ed., revised. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston. 336 pp.

Stebbins, R.C. 2003. A field guide to western reptiles and amphibians. 3rd edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston & New York. 533 pp.

Stebbins, R.C.; McGinnis, S.M. 2018. Peterson Field Guide to Western Reptiles & Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston. 576 pp.

Steidl, R.J.; Litt, A.R.; Matter, W.J. 2013. Effects of plant invasions on wildlife in desert grasslands. Wildlife Society Bulletin 37(3): 527-536.

Stejneger, L. 2005. The Poisonous Snakes of North America. (Reprint, first published in 1895). Center for North American Herpetology, Lawrence, Kansas. 151 pp.

Stejneger, L.H. 1893. The poisonous snakes of North America. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1893: 337-487.

Stejneger, L.H.; Barbour, T. 1917. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 125 pp.

Stejneger, L.H.; Barbour, T. 1923. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 2nd ed. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 171 pp.

Stejneger, L.H.; Barbour, T. 1933. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 3rd ed. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. 185 pp.

Stejneger, L.H.; Barbour, T. 1943. A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. 5th ed. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 93(1): 1-260.

Storer, T.I. 1937. Further notes on the turtles of the North Pacific coast of North America. Copeia 1937: 66-67.

Szaro, R.C.; Severson, K.E.; Patton, D.R. (eds.). 1988. Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals in North America. Proceedings of the symposium. July 19-21, 1988, Flagstaff, Arizona. U.S. Forest Service General Technical Report RM 166: 1-458.

Szarski, H. 1960. [Amphibians and reptiles of North America]. (In Polish, English summary). Przeglad Zoologiczny 4: 170-179.

Tanner, W.W.; Banta, B.H. 1966. A systematic review of the Great Basin reptiles in the collections of Brigham Young University and the University of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 26: 87-135.

Tennant, A. 2003. Snakes of North America: eastern and central regions. Revised edition. Lone Star Books, Lanham. 605 pp.

Tennant, A.; Bartlett, R.D. 1999. A Field Guide to Snakes of North America: Eastern and Central Regions. Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston.

Tinkle, D.W. 1959. Aspects of shell morphology of North American turtles. American Philosophical Society Yearbook 1959: 260-262.

Tipton, B.L. 2005. Snakes of the Americas: checklist and lexicon. Krieger, Malabar, Florida. 477 pp.

Vetter, H. 2004. Turtles of the world. Vol. 2. North America. Chimaira, Frankfurt. 127 pp.

Werner, F. 1906. Die nördlichsten Reptilien und Batrachier. pp. 527-544. In: Fauna Arctica. Vol. 4, Lfg. 3. G. Fischer, Jena.

Werning, H. 1992. Freilandbeobachtungen an Iguaniden im Westen Nordamerikas. Iguana Rundschreiben 1992(2): 25-30.

Werning, H. 2014. Leguane im "Wilden Westen". Terraria-Elaphe 2014(46): 16-24.

Wied, M. 1865. Verzeichniss der Reptilien welche auf einer Reise im nördlichen America beobachtet wurden. Nov. Act. Acad. Leopold. Carol. Nat. Curios. 32: 144.

Williams, J.D.; Nowak, R.M. 1986. Vanishing species in our own backyard: extinct fish and wildlife of the United States and Canada. pp. 107-139. In: Kaufman, L. & Mallory, K. (eds.). The last extinction. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, London & Cambridge, Massachusetts. 208 pp.

Witherington, B.; Witherington, D. 2015. Our Sea Turtles - A Practical Guide for the Atlantic and Gulf, from Canada to Mexico. Pineapple Press, Sarasota, Florida. 282 pp.

Wright, A.H.; Wright, A.A. 1962. Handbook of snakes of the United States and Canada. 3. Bibliography. Publisher unknown. 179 pp.

Wright, H.H.; Wright, A.A. 1957. Handbook of snakes of the United States and Canada. Vol. 1-2. Constable & Co., London. 1105 pp.

Yarrow, H.C. 1883. Check list of North American Reptilia and Batrachia, with catalogue of specimens in U.S. National Museum. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. 24: 249 pp.

Zim, H.S.; Smith, H.M. 1953. Reptiles and amphibians. A guide to familiar American species. A Golden Nature Guide. Simon & Shuster, New York. 157 pp.