Reptiles of Parana [Brazil] Related checklists:  Brazil Bibliography of the reptiles of Parana Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Parana Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena alba Common Red Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1962   Amphisbaena darwinii Uruguayan Ringed Worm Lizard Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Perez, Ribeiro & Borges-Martins 2012 Ruiz-Garcia, Curi, Lamas & Cespedez 2016 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Amphisbaena dubia Piracicaba Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970   Amphisbaena mertensii Sao Paulo Worm Lizard Barcelos-Ribeiro, Santos & Vaz-Silva 2007 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Lima Silveira, Campos Brites & Valinhas e Valinhas 2012 Pena Correa & Meneses 2020 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009   Amphisbaena prunicolor Plum-coloured Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Perez, Ribeiro & Borges-Martins 2012 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Cercolophia (Keel-tailed Worm Lizards)   Cercolophia roberti Ipiranga Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 2005 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Leposternon (South American Worm Lizards)   Leposternon microcephalum Small-headed Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Gans 1971 Oliveira, Regina Ribas & Moura-Leite 2004 Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva & Zaher 2011 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman latirostris Broad-snouted Caiman Bornschein, Belmonte-Lopes, Reinert & Morato 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Pachaly, Barbosa-Marques, Silva & Castellano-Margarido 2005

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.) Genus Diploglossus (Neotropical Forest Lizards)   Diploglossus fasciatus Banded Forest Lizard Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Ophiodes (South American Glass Lizards)   Ophiodes fragilis Yacupoi Glass Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Pizzatto 2005 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Ophiodes striatus Dark-striped Glass Lizard Boettger 1905 Boulenger 1913 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Montechiaro, Kaefer, Quadros & Cechin 2011 [as "cf. striatus"] Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura quadrilineata Four-lined Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996   Cercosaura schreibersii South Brazilian Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Colobodactylus (Southeast Brazilian Spectacled Tejus)   Colobodactylus taunayi Taunay Spectacled Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Pellegrino, Rodrigues, Yonenaga-Yassuda & Sites 2001 Rodrigues, Pellegrino, Dixo, Verdade, Pavan, Argolo & Sites 2007 Genus Placosoma (Sharp-nosed Spectacled Tejus)   Placosoma glabellum Santa Catarina Sharp-nosed Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Uzzell 1962  Family Leiosauridae (Smooth Iguanas) Genus Anisolepis (South American Tree Iguanas)   Anisolepis grilli Palmeira Tree Iguana Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge & Williams 1991 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Enyalius (Fat-headed Anoles)   Enyalius iheringii Southern Fat-headed Anole Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Jackson 1978 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Rodrigues, Freitas, Silva & Bertolotto 2006   Enyalius perditus Boraceia Fat-headed Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge 1969 [as E. c. catenatus] Rodrigues, Bertolotto, Amaro, Yonenaga-Yassuda, Freire & Pellegrino 2014 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Genus Urostrophus (Steppe Iguanas)   Urostrophus vautieri Brazilian Steppe Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entringer, Silva-Soares, Pirovani Silva & Srbek-Araujo 2022 Etheridge & Williams 1991 Gasparini, Koski & Peloso 2010 Santos, Silva Lucas, Sousa & Novelli 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho 2011  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Aspronema (South American White-striped Skinks)   Aspronema dorsivittatum South American White-striped Skink Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Notomabuya (Southern Neotropical Skink)   Notomabuya frenata Southern Neotropical Skink Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 Caldeira Costa, Dias Fernandes, Vrcibradic & Neves Feio 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Ameiva (South American Ameivas)   Ameiva ameiva South American Giant Ameiva Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nascimento, Avila Pires & Cunha 1988 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Genus Contomastix (Short-tailed Whiptails)   Contomastix vacariensis Vacaria Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza Filho 2013 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Salvator (Southern Tejus)   Salvator duseni Parana Teju Campos, Oda, Custodio, Koppe & Dartora 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fitzgerald, Cook & Aquino 1999 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Loennberg & Andersson 1910 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Presch 1973 [as Tupinambis rufescens]   Salvator merianae Southern Black-and-White Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Teius (Typical Tejus)   Teius oculatus Green Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Stenocercus (Whorl-tailed Iguanas)   Stenocercus azureus Uruguayan Whorl-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Torres-Carvajal 2007   Stenocercus caducus Paraguayan Whorl-tailed Iguana Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus catalanensis Uruguayan Keel-tailed Iguana Bernils & Moura-Leite 1990 [as torquatus] Cacciali & Koehler 2018 Carvalho 2013 [as torquatus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kunz & Borges-Martins 2013 Rodrigues 1987 [as torquatus] Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Tropidurus itambere Sorocaba Keel-tailed Iguana Carvalho 2013 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   Liotyphlops ternetzii Paraguayan Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as beui] Cruz-Centeno, Swaya & Germano 2010 [as beui] Dixon & Kofron 1984 [as beui] McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 [as beui] Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 [as beui] Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 [as beui] Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 [as beui] Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 [as beui]  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Boa (Red-tailed Boas)   Boa constrictor South American Red-tailed Boa Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Epicrates (Rainbow Boas)   Epicrates crassus Paraguayan Rainbow Boa Abrahao-Morato 2005 [as cenchria] Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos & Fernandes 2008 Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes murinus Green Anaconda Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 2002 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019   Eunectes notaeus Yellow Anaconda Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)   Adelphostigma occipitalis Bahia Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Amnisiophis (East Brazilian Leaf-litter Snake)   Amnisiophis amoena East Brazilian Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Azevedo, Amorim, Menezes & Abegg 2018 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Muscat & Toledo Moroti 2020 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis assimilis Common Red Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Ferrarezzi, Barbo & Albuquerque 2005 Lema 2001 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Apostolepis dimidiata Common Bilineate Blackhead Cabral, Lema & Renner 2017 [as A. barrioi, based on locality plotted in their distribution map] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1993 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Nogueira, Barbo & Ferrarezzi 2012 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus paraguayensis Paraguayan Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto & Abegg 2013 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as A. taeniatus] Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 [as "cf. paraguayensis"] Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Atractus reticulatus Reticulated Spindle Snake Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes 1995 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019   Atractus trihedrurus South Brazilian Spindle Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010   Atractus zebrinus Zebra Spindle Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as maculatus] Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Genus Boiruna (Southern Snake Eaters)   Boiruna maculata South American Spotted Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Zaher 1996 Genus Calamodontophis (Southeastern Neotropical Forest Snakes)   * Calamodontophis ronaldoi Parana Forest Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Carvalho-Cintra & Lema 2006 Genus Cercophis (Atlantic Forest Liana Snake)   Cercophis auratus Atlantic Forest Liana Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Argolo 2001 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Bezerra, Ferreira-Guilhon, Lima-Ramos & Borges-Nojosa 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed, Fernandes, Kucharzewski, Moura-Leite, Bernils, Entiauspe-Neto & Santos 2019 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius bicarinatus Eastern Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019   Chironius brazili Southeast Brazilian Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Chironius flavolineatus Yellow-striped Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Pinto, Fernandes & Marques 2008 Pinto, Marques & Fernandes 2010   Chironius foveatus Bahia Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014   Chironius fuscus Brown Sipo Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza-Filho, Moura-Leite, Matias & Morato 2012   Chironius gouveai Uruguayan Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020   Chironius laevicollis Smooth-necked Sipo Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon, Wiest & Cei 1993 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019   Chironius quadricarinatus Paraguayan Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Sudre, Curcio, Nunes, Pellegrino & Rodrigues 2017 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia hussami Parana Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Morato, Franco & Sanches 2003   Clelia plumbea Plumbeous Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Zaher 1996 Genus Caaeteboia (East Brazilian Ground Snakes)   Caaeteboia amarali Minas Gerais Ground Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montingelli, Barbo, Pereira Filho, Santana, Franca, Grazziotin & Zaher 2020 Passos, Ramos & Pereira 2012 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Dibernardia (East South American Leaf-litter Snakes)   Dibernardia affinis Atlantic Forest Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Argolo 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1988 Loebmann 2008   Dibernardia bilineata Two-striped Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1991 Hiert 2006   Dibernardia persimilis Rio de Janeiro Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1986 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Rhadinaea beui] Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas albifrons White-fronted Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Passos, Fernandes & Porto 2005 Ribeiro Dias, Souza Costa, Sole & Argolo 2018 Silveira, Ribeiro, Dornas & Fernandes 2018   Dipsas alternans Santos Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Dipsas bucephala Bull Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019   Dipsas mikanii Brazilian White-collared Snail Eater Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Dipsas neuwiedi Brazilian Banded Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Andrade, Oliveira Lima, Oliveira Silva, Fonseca Fernandes & Reis Dias 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Peters 1960 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993   Dipsas petersi Sao Paulo Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 Alves & Argolo 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007   Dipsas variegata Many-banded Snail Eater Abrahao-Morato 2005 [as D. neivai] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Porto & Fernandes 1996 [as D. neivai]   Dipsas ventrimaculata Spot-bellied Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993 Genus Ditaxodon (Striped Cerrado Snake)   Ditaxodon taeniatus Striped Cerrado Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Thomas, Bernils, Moura-Leite & Morato 2006 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax hypoconia Southern Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021   Dryophylax nattereri # Mock Viper Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Echinanthera (Neotropical Leaf-litter Snakes)   Echinanthera cephalostriata Head-striped Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Echinanthera cyanopleura Blue-flanked Leaf-litter Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Zanella & Cechin 2010   Echinanthera undulata South Brazilian Leaf-litter Snake Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gomes & Marques 2012 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus aesculapii Southern Mock Coral Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Curcio, Scali & Rodrigues 2015 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Erythrolamprus almadensis Almada Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1991 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021   Erythrolamprus frenatus Paraguayan Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002   Erythrolamprus jaegeri Southern Green Smooth Snake Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021   Erythrolamprus macrosomus Southern Royal Smooth Snake Ascenso, Costa & Prudente 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Boettger 1905 [as Rhadinaea merremii] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1989 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Gomesophis (Brazilian Burrowing Snake)   Gomesophis brasiliensis Brazilian Burrowing Snake Castellari-Gonzalez, Prudente & Franco 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fortes, Lucas & Caldart 2010 Menezes, Fiorillo, Franco & Feio 2017 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Brandao 1998 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops carinicaudus Keel-tailed Keelback Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021   Helicops gomesi Sao Paulo Keelback Silveira, Prudente, Argolo, Abrahao, Nogueira, Strussmann, Loebmann, Barbo, Franco, Costa, Moura, Zaher, Borges-Martins, Martins, Oliveira, Hoogmoed, Marques, Passos, Bernils, Kawashita-Ribeiro, Sawaya & Costa 2019   Helicops infrataeniatus Surinam Keelback Boettger 1905 [as pictiventris] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Landgref-Filho & Aoki 2011 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Helicops modestus Brazilian Olive Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Fernandes & Bentim 2007 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Imantodes (American Blunt-headed Tree Snakes)   Imantodes cenchoa Common Blunt-headed Tree Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils, Morato & Moura-Leite 2000 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Leptodeira (Typical Cat-eyed Snakes)   Leptodeira annulata South American Banded Cat-eyed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis marginatus Paraguayan Parrot Snake Albuquerque & Fernandes 2022 Albuquerque, Santos, Borges-Nojosa & Avila 2022 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as L. ahaetulla] Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis flavifrenatus Yellow-lined Ground Snake Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Lygophis meridionalis Paraguayan Striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Mesotes (Southern Mock Vipers)   Mesotes strigatus Striped Mock Viper Bernarde, Moura-Leite, Machado & Kokobum 2000 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco & Ferreira 2003 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Mussurana (Brazilian Snake Eaters)   Mussurana bicolor Two-coloured Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Zaher 1996   Mussurana quimi South Brazilian Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Quintela & Loebmann 2017 Franco, Marques & Puorto 1997 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Silveira & Cotta 2006 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus clathratus Southern Brazilian Calico Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernardo, Machado, Murphy & Zaher 2012 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Oxyrhopus guibei Parana Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano 1978 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Zaher & Caramaschi 1992   Oxyrhopus petolarius Banded Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019   Oxyrhopus rhombifer Rhombic Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hamdan & Lira da Silva 2008 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Leite, Nunes, Kaefer & Cechin 2009 Marques & Muriel 2007 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Genus Paraphimophis (Rusty Snake Eater)   Paraphimophis rusticus Rusty Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira 2014 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Zaher 1996 Genus Phalotris (South American Collared Snakes)   Phalotris matogrossensis Mato Grosso Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema, D'Agostini & Cappellari 2005 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 [as tricolor]   Phalotris mertensi Sao Paulo Reticulated Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Phalotris reticulatus Southern Reticulated Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas aestiva Eastern Brazilian Green Bush Racer Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Thomas 1976   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guerini Argentine Shovel-nosed Snake Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 [as "cf. guerini"] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Filho, Santana, Vieira, Alves, Montenegro & Freitas 2012 Marques, Tinoco, Browne-Ribeiro & Fazolato 2012 Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes agassizii Burrowing Night Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Souza Filho & Plombon 2014 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Pseudablabes arnaldoi Brazilian Speckled Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Thomas 1976 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa haasi Parana Scarlet Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Martins, Alencar & Gaiarsa 2010 Morato, Moura-Leite, Costa Prudente & Bernils 1995 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008   Pseudoboa nigra Blackish Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Ptychophis (Brazilian Yellow-striped Water Snake)   Ptychophis flavovirgatus Brazilian Yellow-striped Water Snake Castellari-Gonzalez, Prudente & Franco 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Porto & Caramaschi 1989 Genus Rhachidelus (Brazilian Bird Snake)   Rhachidelus brazili Brazilian Bird Snake Arruda, Avila, Morais & Kawashito-Ribeiro 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Simophis (South American False Coral Snake)   Simophis rhinostomus South American False Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis pulcher Guanabara Liana Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes & Oliveira 2020 Genus Sordellina (Brazilian Yellow-lipped Snake)   Sordellina punctata Brazilian Yellow-lipped Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano 1978 Miranda & Fernandes 2012 Pereira, Stender-Oliveira, Rodrigues & Bernils 2007 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Oliveira da Silva, Oliveira, Woitovicz-Cardoso & Graf 2007 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Tomodon (Pampas Snakes)   Tomodon dorsatus Brazilian Pampas Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Tropidodryas (Atlantic Forest Tree Snakes)   Tropidodryas serra Atlantic Forest Lowland Tree Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Oliveira 2008   Tropidodryas striaticeps Atlantic Forest Highland Tree Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes & Marques 2011 Oliveira 2008 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Philodryas pseudoserra] Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Thomas & Dixon 1977 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon guentheri Santa Catarina Mock Lancehead Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021   Xenodon histricus Rayed Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021   Xenodon nattereri Banded Hognose Snake Argolo 2002 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lima Silveira, Ribeiro Costa & Salles 2004   Xenodon neuwiedii East Brazilian Mock Lancehead Abrahao-Morato 2005 Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Boettger 1905 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Genus Xenopholis (South American Flat-headed Snakes)   Xenopholis undulatus Southern Flat-headed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Loebmann 2009  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus altirostris Uruguayan Coral Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 2004 Roze 1996 [as M. frontalis multicinctus] Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva & Sites 1999 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Micrurus carvalhoi Brazilian Ribbon Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Castro, Oliveira, Gonzalez, Curcio & Feitosa 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Pires, Silva, Feitosa, Prudente, Filho & Zaher 2014 Roze 1996 Silva & Sites 1999   Micrurus corallinus Painted Coral Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Micrurus decoratus Decorated Coral Snake Abrahao-Morato 2005 Castellari-Gonzalez, Silva-Soares, Castro & Bernils 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 2004  Family Tropidophiidae (Dwarf Boas) Genus Tropidophis (Typical Dwarf Boas)   Tropidophis paucisquamis Southern Brazilian Dwarf Boa Capela, Morato, Moura-Leite, Prado, Borges & Camilo 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Tanaka, Rotenberg & Muscat 2018  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops alternatus Urutu Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Vechio, Prates, Grazziotin, Graboski & Rodrigues 2021   Bothrops cotiara Southeast Brazilian Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981   Bothrops diporus Chaco Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Silva & Rodrigues 2008   Bothrops itapetiningae Itapetininga Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981   Bothrops jararaca Jararaca Abrahao-Morato 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Cunha de Oliveira & Soares de Oliveira 2014 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015   Bothrops jararacussu Jararacussu Abrahao-Morato 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015   Bothrops moojeni Brazilian Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981   Bothrops neuwiedi Eastern Brazilian Lancehead Abrahao-Morato 2005 Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021   Bothrops pauloensis Black-faced Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Santos Dainesi, Abegg, Bernarde, Pena Correa, Caetano Machado, Oliveira Meneses & Sena Santos 2019 Souza Filho & Oliveira 2015 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Acanthochelys (South American Side-necked Swamp Turtles)   Acanthochelys spixii Black Spiny-necked Swamp Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rhodin, Silva & Mittermeier 1984 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Genus Hydromedusa (South American Snake-necked Turtles)   Hydromedusa tectifera Uruguayan Snake-necked Turtle Alcalde, Sanchez & Pritchard 2021 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Reis Martins, Carvalho-Garbin & Freire Bruno 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Sousa & Novelli 2009 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015 Genus Mesoclemmys (Hump-backed Toad-headed Turtles)   Mesoclemmys vanderhaegei Tobati Toad-headed Turtle Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Shibatta, Galves, Carmo, Lima, Lopes & Machado 2009   Phrynops williamsi Rio Cadea Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Moura-Leite, Morato & Bernils 1996 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Ribas & Monteiro-Filho 2002 Souza-Filho, Plombon & Capela 2015  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guebert-Bartholo, Barletta, Costa & Monteiro-Filho 2011 Lopez-Barrera, Longo & Monteiro-Filho 2012 Padua-Almeida, Santos, Thome, Belini, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Castilhos, Coelho, Argolo, Santos, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Padua-Almeida, Thome, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011