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Bibliography of the reptiles of
South America

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Anonymous. 1992. Actas del 1 Congreso Argentino y 1 Congreso Sudamericano de Herpetologia. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 41: 1-389.

Abdala, V. 1996. Osteologia craneal y relaciones de los geconinos sudamericanos (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). Revista Espanola de Herpetologia 10: 41-53.

Amaral, A. do 1929. Lista remissiva dos ophidios da região neotropica. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 4: 129-271.

Amaral, A. do 1931. Serpentes venenosos Sul-Americanas. Arch. Soc. Biol. Montevideo 193: 93-107.

Amaral, A. do 1954. Contribuição ao conhecimento dos ofidios neotropicales. XXXV. A proposito da revalidacas de Coluber lanceolatus Lacepede, 1789. XXXVI. Redescricao da especie Bothrops hyoprora Amaral, 1935. XXXVII. Sub-especies de Epicrates cenchria (Lineu, 1758). Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 26: 207-214, 221-225, 227-247.

Anthelme, F.; Jacobsen, D.; Macek, P.; Meneses, R.I.; Moret, P.; Beck, S.; Dangles, O. 2014. Biodiversity patterns and continental insularity in the tropical High Andes. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 46(4): 811-828.

Arzamendia, V.; Giraudo, A.R. 2009. Influence of large South American rivers of the Plata Basin on distributional patterns of tropical snakes: a panbiogeographical analysis. Journal of Biogeography 36(9): 1739-1749.

Avila-Pires, T.C.S. 2005. Reptiles. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 13: 25-40.

Barnett, S.L. 1997. The herpetoculture of Neotropical arboreal lizards at the National Aquarium in Baltimore. pp. 58-80. In: Wilkie, A.H. (ed.). Reptile and amphibian culture: proceedings of the 1997 International Herpetological Society's Symposium. International Herpetological Society, Stourbridge. 96 pp.

Bartlett, R.D.; Bartlett, P.P. 2003. Reptiles and amphibians of the Amazon. An ecotourist's guide. University Press of Florida, Gainesville. 291 pp.

Bates, M. 1968. The land and wildlife of South America. Time-Life Books, New York, Revised. 200 pp.

Bauer, A.M. 1993. African-South American relationships: a perspective from the Reptilia. pp. 244-288. In: Goldblatt, P. (ed.). Biological relationships between Africa and South America. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Systematics Symposium, held at Missouri Botanical Gardens, 4-6 October 1990. Yale University Press, New Haven & London. 630 pp.

Berg, C. 1898. Contribuciones al conocimiento de la fauna erpetologica argentina y de los paeses limtrofes. An. Mus. B. Ayres 6: 1-32.

Best, R.C. 1984. The aquatic mammals and reptiles of the Amazon. Monographiae Biologicae 56: 371-412.

Bonfim, F.S.; Diniz Filho, J.A.F.; Bastos, R.P. 1998. Spatial patterns and the macroecology of South American viperid snakes. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 58(1): 97-103.

Boulenger, G.A. 1891. Reptilia & Batrachia. pp. 128-136. In: Whymper, E. (ed.). Supplementary appendix to travels amongst the great Andes of the Equator. John Murray, London.

Boulenger, G.A. 1899. Reptiles. pp. 354-356. In: FitzGerald, E.A. (ed.). The Highest Andes. Methuen & Co., London. 390 pp.

Burt, C.E.; Burt, M.D. 1930. The South American lizards in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 78: 1-52.

Burt, C.E.; Burt, M.D. 1931. South American lizards in the collection of the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 61: 227-395.

Burt, C.E.; Burt, M.D. 1933. A preliminary checklist of the lizards of South America. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 28(1-2): 1-104.

Cabrera, M.R. 1993. Los saurios del Espinal y su presencia en provincias biogeograficas vecinas. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" e Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de las Ciencias Naturales Ecologia 4(2): 17-34.

Cabrera, M.R. 1995. Comparative composition of turtle species in four natural regions of the Chacoan domain, South America. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural de Valparaiso 23: 41-52.

Cabrera, M.R. 1998. Las tortugas continentales de Sudamerica austral. Published by the author, place of publication unknown. 108 pp.

Cadle, J.E.; Greene, H.W. 1993. Phylogenetic patterns, biogeography, and the ecological structure of Neotropical snake assemblages. pp. 281-293. In: Ricklefs, R.E. & Schluter, D. (eds.). Species diversity in ecological communities: historical and geographical perspectives. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 414 pp.

Campbell, J.A.; Lamar, W.W. 1989. The venomous reptiles of Latin America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 425 pp.

Cei, J.M. 1977. Amphibia y Reptilia. pp. 335-342. In: Hurlbert, S.H. (ed.). Biota acuatica de Sudamerica austral. San Diego State University, California. 342 pp.

Cei, J.M.; Videla, F. 2002. Singulares hallazgos evolutivos y taxonomicos en generos de iguanidos relevantes de la herpetofauna andina y de zonas limitrofes. Multequina 11: 65-73.

Cope, E.D. 1865. Third contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 17: 185-198.

Cope, E.D. 1866. Fifth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1866: 317-323.

Cope, E.D. 1866. Fourth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1866: 123-132.

Cope, E.D. 1868. An examination of the Reptilia and Batrachia obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 20: 96-140.

Cope, E.D. 1868. Sixth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1868: 305-313.

Cope, E.D. 1870. Seventh contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia) 11 [1869]: 147-169.

Cope, E.D. 1877. Tenth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 85-97.

Cope, E.D. 1879. Eleventh Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 18: 261-276.

Cope, E.D. 1885. Twelfth contribution to the herpetology of tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia) 22: 167-194.

Cope, E.D. 1886. Thirteenth contribution to the herpetology of Tropical America. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 23: 271-287.

DaLie, D.A. 1953. Poisonous snakes of America. Journal For. 51(4): 243-248.

David, P.; Dobiey, M.; Vogel, G. 2018. Venomous Snakes of South America / Giftschlangen Südamerikas. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. 176 pp.

Ditmars, R.L. 1930. The poisonous serpents of the New World. Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society 33: 79-99.

Dixon, J.R. 1977. Origin and distribution of reptiles of lowland tropical rainforests of South America. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 6.

Dixon, J.R. 1979. Origin and distribution of reptiles in lowland tropical rainforests of South America. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 217-240.

Dixon, J.R.; Hendricks, F.S. 1977. The worm snakes (Typhlopidae) of mainland South America. Congresso Latinoam. Zoo. 7: 100-101.

Donnelly, M.A.; Crother, B.I.; Guyer, C.; Wake, M.H.; White, M.E. (eds.). 2005. Ecology and evolution in the tropics: a herpetological perspective. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 675 pp.

Donoso-Barros, R. 1965. Distribucion de las tortugas en Sudamerica. Noticiario Mensual Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (Santiago) 107: 1-5.

Duellman, W.E. (ed.) 1979. The South American herpetofauna: its origin, evolution, and dispersal. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 1-485.

Duellman, W.E. 1977. Origin, evolution and dispersal of the Andean herpetofauna. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 7.

Duellman, W.E. 1979. The herpetofauna of the Andes: patterns of distribution, origin, differentiation, and present communities. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 371-459.

Duellman, W.E. 1979. The South American herpetofauna: a panoramic view. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 1-28.

Duellman, W.E. 1989. Tropical herpetofaunal communities: patterns of community structure in Neotropical rainforests. Ecological Studies Analysis and Synthesis 69: 61-88.

Duellman, W.E. 2012. Linnaean names in South American herpetology. Bibliotheca Herpetologica 9(1-2): 87-97.

Dugand, A. 1975. Serpentifauna de la llanura costera del Caribe. Caldasia (Bogota) 11(53): 61-82.

Dunn, E.R. 1931. The herpetological fauna of the Americas. Copeia 1931: 106-119.

Eisenberg, J.F. (ed.) 1979. Vertebrate ecology in the northern Neotropics. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 271 pp.

Francisco, L.R. 2001. Class Reptilia, order Squamata (Ophidia): snakes. Biology and keeping South American snakes in captivity. pp. 40-43. In: Fowler, M.E.; Cubas, Z.S. (eds.). Biology, medicine, and surgery of South American wild animals. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 536 pp.

Freiberg, M. 1981. Turtles of South America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey & Reigate: 1-125.

Freiberg, M. 1982. Snakes of South America. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune, New Jersey: 1-189.

Freiberg, M.A. 1954. Vida de batracios y reptiles sudamericanos. Cesarini, Buenos Aires. 192 pp.

Fuente, M.S. de la; Sterli, J.; Maniel, I. 2014. Origin, evolution and biogeographic history of South American turtles. Springer, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht & London. 168 pp.

Gallardo, G.A.; Schrocchi, G.J. 2006. Parametros reproductivos de ocho especies de culebras oviparas neotropicales (Serpentes: Colubridae). Cuadernos de Herpetologia 20(1): 33-36.

Gallardo, J.M. 1979. Composición, distribución y origen de la herpetofauna chaquena. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 299-307.

Gallardo, J.M. 1994. 500 anos de herpetologia hispanoamericana. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 8(1): 1-11.

Gasc, J.P.; Lescure, J. 1981. [Effets de l'homme sur la repartition geographique des amphibiens et des lézards dans l'ensemble Guyano-Amazonien]. (In French, English summary). Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe de Biogeographie 57(2): 33-49.

Gasparini, Z. 1996. Biogeographic evolution of the South American crocodilians. Münchner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen Reihe A Geologie und Palaeontologie 30: 159-184.

Giraudo, A.R.; Arzamendia, V.; Lopez, S.M. 2007. Reptiles. pp. 341-362. In: Iriondo, M.H.; Paggi, J.C.; Parma, M.J. (eds.). The Middle Parana River: limnology of a subtropical wetland. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg & New York. 382 pp.

Goodland, R.J.A.; Irwin, H.S. 1977. Amazon jungle: green hell to red desert, Developments in landscape management and urban planning. Vol. 1. Landscape Planning 1(2-3): 123-254.

Goulding, M.; Barthem, R.; Ferreira, E. 2003. The Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C. 286 pp.

Grego, K.F. 2001. Class Reptilia, order Squamata (Ophidia): snakes. Ophidia - restraint, anesthesia, medicine. pp. 43-48. In: Fowler, M.E.; Cubas, Z.S. (eds.). Biology, medicine, and surgery of South American wild animals. Iowa State University Press, Ames. 536 pp.

Gutierrez, J.M. 2002. Comprendiendo los venenos de serpientes: 50 anos de investigaciones en America Latina. Revista de Biologia Tropical 50(2): 377-394.

Henderson, R.W.; Dixon, J.R.; Soini, P. 1979. Resource partitioning in Amazonian snake communities. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology 22: 1-11.

Hoge, A.R.; Romano, S.A.R.W.L. 1971. Neotropical pit vipers, sea snakes, and coral snakes. pp. 211-293. In: Venomous Animals And Their Venoms. Volume 2. Venomous Vertebrates. Academic Press, New York & London.: Unpaginated.

Hollowell, T.; Reynolds, R. (eds.). 2005. Checklist of the terrestrial vertebrates of the Guiana Shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington 13: 1-98.

Hoogmoed, M.S. 1977. The herpetofauna of Guiana, an appraisal of our current knowledge. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 10.

Hoogmoed, M.S. 1979. The herpetofauna of the Guianan region. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 241-279.

Hoogmoed, M.S. 1983. Snakes of the Guianan region. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 46 [1982]: 219-254.

Hoogmoed, M.S. 1993. The herpetofauna of floating meadows. Monographiae Biologicae 70: 199-213.

Hui, W.F.; Cardoso, J.L. 1995. Clinical toxicology of snake bites in South America. pp. 667-688. In: Meier, J. & White, J. (eds.). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons. CRC Press, Boca Raton, New York, etc. 752 pp.

Ippi, S.; Flores, V. 2001. Las tortugas neotropicales y sus areas de endemismo. Acta Zoologica Mexicana Nueva Serie 84: 49-63.

Kwet, A.; Niekisch, M. (eds.). 2016. Amphibien und Reptilien der Neotropis. Mertensiella 23: 1-400.

Larriera, A.; Verdade, L.M. (eds.) 2002. Conservaçao e manejo de jacares e crocodilos da America Latina. Volume II. C.N. Editoria, Piracicaba. 184 pp.

Laurent, R.F. 1973. A parallel survey of equatorial ampnibians and reptiles in Africa and South America. pp. 259-266. In: Meggers, B.J.; Ayensu, E.S. & Duckworth, W.D. (eds.). Tropical forest ecosystems in Africa and South America: a comparative review. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. 350 pp.

Laurent, R.F. 1977. Herpetofauna relationships of South America with Africa. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 11.

Laurent, R.F. 1979. Herpetofaunal relationships between Africa and South America. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 55-71.

Lema, T. de 1983. Fauna de serpentes da provincia Pampeana e inter-relacoes com as provincias limitrofes. Memorias do Instituto Butantan (Sao Paulo) 46 [1982]: 173-182.

Lema, T. de 2003. Geographical distribution of chromatic patterns in elapomorphine snakes (Colubridae), and species groups. Comunicacoes do Museu de Ciencias e Tecnologia da PUCRS Serie Zoologia 16(1): 17-37.

León, J.R. 1977. The herpetofauna of the Llanos and associated non-forest regions of northern South America. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 12.

Lidth de Jeude, T.W. van 1895. On a collection of reptiles from the Transvaal. Notes Leyden Museum 16: 227-230.

Lima-Ribeiro, M.S.; Brito Rangel, T.F.L.V.; Plaza Pinto, M.; Moura, I.O.; Melo, T.L.; Terribile, L.C. 2010. Padroes espaciais da riqueza de especies de viperideos na America do Sul: temperatura ambiental vs. cinetica-bioquimica. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences 32(2): 153-158.

Lindsay, J.W. 1926. Snakebite and its treatment in South America. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 20: 275-278.

Lovejoy, T.E. 1977. Refugia, refuges and minimum critical size: problems in the conservation of the Neotropical herpetofauna. Herpetological Review 8(3)(Suppl.): 12.

Lynch, J.D. 1986. Origins of the high Andean herpetological fauna. pp. 478-499. In: Vuilleumier, F. & Monasterio, M. (eds.). High altitude tropical biogeography. Oxford University Press & American Museum of Natural History, New York & Oxford. 649 pp.

Magnusson, W.E.; Silva, E.V. da; Lima, A.P. 1987. Diet of Amazonian crocodilians. Journal of Herpetology 21(2): 85-95.

Magnusson, W.E.; Vieira da Silva, E.; Lima, A.P. 1987. Diets of Amazonian crocodilians. Journal of Herpetology 21(2): 85-95.

Mann, G. 1968. Die ökosysteme Südamerikas. Monographiae Biologicae 18: 171-229.

Marioni, B.; Botero-Arias, R.; Fonseca-Junior, S.F. 2013. Local community involvement as a basis for sustainable crocodilian management in protected areas of Central Amazonia: problem or solution. Tropical Conservation Science 6(4): 484-492.

Martins, M.; Vuolo Marques, O.A.; Sazima, I. 2008. How to be arboreal and diurnal and still stay alive: microhabitat use, time of activity, and defense in neotropical forest snakes. South American Journal of Herpetology 3(1): 58-67.

Massary, J.C. de; Daszkiewicz, P. 2009. Une collection herpetologique en Pologne peu connue en provenance d'Amerique du Sud et principalement de Guyane francaise. Bulletin de la Societe Herpetologique de France 130-131: 23-38.

McClung, R.M. 1981. Vanishing wildlife of Latin America. William Morrow & Co., New York. 160 pp.

McDiarmid, R.W.; Donnelly, M.A. 2005. The herpetofauna of the Guayana Highlands: amphibians and reptiles of the Lost World. pp. 461-560. In: Donnelly, M.A.; Crother, B.I.; Guyer, C.; Wake, M.H.; White, M.E. (eds.). Ecology and evolution in the tropics: a herpetological perspective. University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London. 675 pp.

Mclain, R.B. 1899. Contributions to Neotropical herpetology. Wheeling, West Virginia.

Medem, F. 1971. Biological isolation of sympatric species of South American Crocodilia. pp. 152-158. In: Crocodiles. Proceedings of the first working meeting of crocodile specialists sponsored by the New York Zoological Society and organized by the Survival Service Commission, lUCN, at the Bronx Zoo, New York 15-17 March 1971. lUCN, Switzerland. 191 pp.

Medem, F. 1983. Los Crocodylia de Sur America. Vol. 2. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional. Bogotá. 270 pp.

Mendenhall, C.D.; Frishkoff, L.O.; Santos-Barrera, G.; Pacheco, J.; Mesfun, E.; Mendoza-Quijano, F.; Ehrlich, P.R.; Ceballos, G.; Daily, G.C.; Pringle, R.M. 2014. Countryside biogeography of Neotropical reptiles and amphibians. Ecology (Washington D C) 95(4): 856-870.

Mertens, R. 1940. Aus dem Tierleben der Tropen. Reisebilder aus Asien, Africa und Amerika. Kramer, Frankfurt am Main. 248 pp.

Meserve, P.L.; Jaksic, F.M. 1991. Comparisons of terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in temperate rainforests of North and South America. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 64(3): 511-535.

Métrailler, S. 2002. Chelidae of South America. Reptilia (GB) 24: 34-38.

Mittermeier, R.A.; Medem, F.; Rhodin, A.G.J. 1980. Vernacular names of South American turtles. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles), Lawrence, Kansas. 44 pp. (Herpetological Circulars no. 10).

Müller, L. 1939. Über die Verbreitung der Chelonier auf dem südamerikanischen Kontinent. Physis (Buenos Aires) 16(48): 89-102.

Müller, L.; Hellmich, W. 1936. Amphibien und Reptilien. I. Amphibia, Chelonia, Loricata. Wiss. Ergebnisse Deutsch. GranChaco-Exped. Amphibien U. Reptilien Teil 1: 120 pp.

Müller, P. 1973. The dispersal centres of terrestrial vertebrates in the Neotropical realm. A study in the evolution of the Neotropical biota and its native landscapes. Biogeographica 2: 1-244.

Murphy, J.C. 1996. Crossing Bond's Line: the herpetofaunal exchange between the eastern Caribbean and mainland South America. pp. 207-216. In: Powell, R. & Henderson, R.W. (eds.). Contributions to West Indian herpetology: a tribute to Albert Schwartz. SSAR (Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles). 457 pp. (Contributions to Herpetology no. 12).

Myers, J.G. 1935. Epizootics among fishes and reptiles on the Amazon and Orinoco. Journal of Animal Ecology 4: 17-21.

Navas, C.A. 2000. Biodiversidad de anfibios y reptiles en el paramo: una vision eco-fisiologica. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales 23(Suplemento Especial): 465-474.

Navas, C.A. 2002. Herpetological diversity along Andean elevational gradients: Links with physiological ecology and evolutionary physiology. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A Molecular and Integrative Physiology 133A(3): 469-485.

Orejas-Miranda, B.R. 1968. El genero Leptotyphlops en la region Amazonica. pp. 421-442. In: Lent, H. (ed.). Atas do simposio sobre a biota Amazonica. Conselho National de Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro.

Pefaur, J.E. (ed.) 1996. Herpetologia Neotropical. Actas del II Congreso Latinoamericano de Herpetologia. Vol. 2. Universidad de los Andes, Consejo de Publicaciones, Merida. 451 pp.

Pefaur, J.E. 1996. Perfil de los herpetologos latinoamericanos. pp. 37-55. In: Pefaur, J.E. (ed.). Herpetologia Neotropical. Actas del II Congreso Latinoamericano de Herpetologia. II volumen. Universidad de los Andes, Consejo de Publicaciones, Merida. 451 pp.

Pefaur, J.E.; Duellman, W.E. 1980. Community structure in high Andean herpetofaunas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 83(2): 45-65.

Peres, C.A.; Palacios, E. 2007. Basin-wide effects of game harvest on vertebrate population densities in amazonian forests: Implications for animal-mediated seed dispersal. Biotropica 39(3): 304-315.

Perez, E.M.; Ojasti, J. 1996. La utilizacion de la fauna silvestre en la America Tropical y recomendaciones para su manejo sustentable en las sabanas. Ecotropicos 9(2): 71-82.

Peters, J.A.; Donoso-Barros, R. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part 2. Sauria, Amphisbaenia. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 297: 1-293.

Peters, J.A.; Donoso-Barros, R. 1986. Part 2. Lizards and amphisbaenians. pp. i-viii, 1-293. In: Peters, J.A.; Donoso-Barros, R.; Orejas-Miranda, B. & Vanzolini, P.E. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. & London. Revised edition. 347 + 25 + 293 pp.

Peters, J.A.; Orejas-Miranda, B.R. 1970. Catalogue of the Neotropical Squamata. Part 1. Serpentes. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 297: 1-347.

Pope, C.H. 1944. The poisonous snakes of the New World. N. York Zool. Soc. 1944 56 pp. photos col. pls., and in Bull. N. York Zool. Soc. 47 (unpaginated).

Pope, C.H. 1945. The poisonous snakes of the New World. Pt. 4 & 5. Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society 48: 17-23, 44-47.

Prance, G.T. 1984. The changing forests. pp. 146-165. In: Prance, G.T. & Lovejoy, T.E. (eds.). Key environments. Amazonia. Pergamon Press, Oxford, New York etc. 442 pp.

Pritchard, P.C.H. 1973. International migrations of South American Sea Turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelidae). Animal Behaviour 21(1): 18-27.

Pritchard, P.C.H. 1984. Evolution and zoogeography of South American turtles. Studia Geologica Salmanticensia Volumen Especial 1: 225-233.

Reed, R.N. 2003. Interspecific patterns of species richness, geographic range size, and body size among New World venomous snakes. Ecography 26(1): 107-117.

Reig, O. 1968. Peuplement en vertebres tetrapodes de l'Amerique du sud. Biol. Am. Aust. 4: 215-260.

Rivero-Blanco, C.; Dixon, J.R. 1979. Origin and distribution of the herpetofauna of the dry lowland regions of northern South America. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Monograph 7: 281-298.

Rodriguez-Cabal, M.A.; Nunez, M.A.; Martinez, A.S. 2008. Quantity versus quality: endemism and protected areas in the temperate forest of South America. Austral Ecology 33(6): 730-736.

Rodriguez-M., M.A. 2000. Crocodiles (Archosauria: Crocodylia) of the Neotropical region. Biota Colombiana 1(2): 135-140.

Rueda-Almonacid, J.V.; Carr, J.L.; Mittermeier, R.A.; Rodríguez-Mahecha, J.V.; Mast, R.B.; Vogt, R.C.; Rhodin, A.G.J.; Ossa-Velásquez, J. de la; Rueda, J.N.; Mittermeier, C.G. 2007. Las tortugas y cocodilianos de los paises andinos del Trópico. Conservación International, Bogota. 538 pp.

Rueda-Almonacid, J.V.; Rodriguez-Mahecha, J.V.; Mast, J.N.; Gonzalez-Hernandez, A.; Amorocho, D.F. (eds.) 2005. Tortugas marinas neotropicales. Conservacion Internacional, Bogota. 88 pp.

Santos, D.R. dos; Blamires, D. 2012. [Relationship between description date, body size and geographical range for South American turtles]. (In Portuguese). Bioscience Journal 28(3): 439-444.

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