Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
June 9th, 2025.
 
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Genus
Lachesis
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Bushmasters
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Buschmeister
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 |
Bushmastere, Stumme Klapperslanger
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1803 |  |
Lachesis Daudin (type species: Crotalus mutus Linnaeus 1766) |
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1811 | |
Trigonocephalus Oppel 1810 (type species: Scytale ammodytes Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille 1801 ["1801-02"]) |
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1815 | |
Trigalus Rafinesque [substitute name for Trigonocephalus Oppel 1811] |
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1820 | |
Cophias Merrem (type species: Coluber crotalinus Gmelin 1788) |
Contents:
5 species, of which 1 (20.0%) is endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Distribution:
Central America, South America.
Reported from:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Alagoas,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Espirito Santo,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Minas Gerais,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Piaui,
Rio de Janeiro,
Rio Grande do Norte,
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Sao Paulo,
Sergipe,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Meristic and other data
of the world's snakes.
Compiled by
V. Wallach
Key to abbreviations
Head drawings of the
genus Lachesis.
Compiled by V. Wallach
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Lachesis acrochorda
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Chocoan Bushmaster
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Choco-Buschmeister
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Chocó-bushmaster
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1896 | |
Bothrops acrochordus Garcia |
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1909 | |
Bothrops calcaratus Posada-Arango (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1909 | |
Bothrops verrucosus Posada-Arango (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of muta (e.g., Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970). Revalidated as a separate species by Campbell & Lamar (2004) and Ripa (2004).
Distribution:
Colombia,
Ecuador,
Panama.
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Lachesis acrochorda
© Henrik Bringsøe
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Lachesis melanocephala
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Black-headed Bushmaster, Costa Rican Bushmaster
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Schwarzkopf-Buschmeister
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Sorthovedet Bushmaster
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1986 | |
Lachesis muta melanocephala Solorzano & Cerdas |
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Lachesis melanocephala Zamudio & Greene 1997 |
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
Panama.
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Lachesis melanocephala
© Cesar Barrio Amorós
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Lachesis muta
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South American Bushmaster, Common Bushmaster
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Amazonische Buschmeister
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Sydamerikansk Bushmaster
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1766 | |
Crotalus mutus Linnaeus |
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Lachesis mutus Daudin 1803 |
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1788 | |
Coluber crotalinus Gmelin (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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Cophias crotalinus Merrem 1820 |
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Trigonocephalus crotalinus Schinz 1822 |
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Crasedocephalus crotalinus [sic] Gray 1825 |
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1801 | |
Scytale ammodytes Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille [1801-02] (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1801 | |
Scytale catenatus Latreille in Sonnini & Latreille [1801-02] (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1802 | |
Coluber Alecto Shaw (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1803 | |
Lachesis ater Daudin (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1824 | |
Bothrops Surucucu Wagler (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004) |
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1872 | |
Trigonocephalus brasiliensis Liais (syn. Campbell & Lamar 2004; Hamdan & al. 2024) |
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1966 | |
Lachesis muta noctivaga Hoge (syn. Hamdan & al. 2024) |
Remarks:
Previously included rhombeata.
Distribution:
Bolivia,
Brazil
(Acre,
Amapa,
Amazonas,
Goias,
Maranhao,
Mato Grosso,
Para
[incl.
Marajo Island],
Rondonia,
Roraima,
Tocantins),
Colombia,
Ecuador,
French Guiana,
Guyana,
Peru,
Surinam,
Trinidad & Tobago
(Trinidad),
Venezuela.
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Lachesis muta
© Rune Midtgaard
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Lachesis rhombeata
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Atlantic Forest Bushmaster, Brazilian Bushmaster
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Ostbrasilianische Buschmeister
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Østbrasiliansk Bushmaster
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1824 | |
Lachesis rhombeata Wied |
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Trigonocephalus rhumbeatus [sic] Liais 1872 |
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Lachesis muta rhombeata Hoge & Romano 1978 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of muta.
Revalidated as a separate species by Hamdan & al. (2024).
The species has also been reported (partially as muta) from Piaui, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, and Sao Paulo, but presence in these states appear to be unverified
(e.g., Costa, Guedes & Bérnils (2021); Hamdan & al. 2024).
Distribution:
Brazil
(Alagoas,
Bahia,
Ceara,
Espirito Santo,
Minas Gerais,
Paraiba,
Pernambuco,
Rio de Janeiro).
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Lachesis stenophrys
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Central American Bushmaster
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Zentralamerikanischer Buschmeister
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Centralamerikansk Bushmaster
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1876 | |
Lachesis stenophrys Cope |
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Lachesis muta stenophrys Taylor 1951 |
Remarks:
Revalidated as a separate species by Zamudio & Greene (1997).
Although reported from Colombia (Pérez-Santos & Moreno 1988), presence in the country needs verification (see Cadle 1992).
Distribution:
Costa Rica,
Nicaragua,
Panama.
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Lachesis stenophrys
© Rune Midtgaard
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