Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Montivipera
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Middle East Mountain Vipers
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Mittelöstliche Bergottern
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Mellemøstlige Bjerghugorme
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1999 |  |
Montivipera Nilson, Tuniyev, Andren, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann (type species: Daboia xanthina Gray 1849) |
Contents:
7 species, of which 4 (57.1%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
This genus was first described as a subgenus of
Vipera,
but subsequently raised to full genus status by Lenk, Kalayabina, Wink & Joger (2001).
Validity supported by Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux (2005).
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands),
Iran,
Israel,
Lebanon,
Syria,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey).
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Montivipera bornmuelleri
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Lebanese Mountain Viper, Lebanon Viper, (Bornmüller's Viper)
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Libanesische Bergotter
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Libanesisk Bjerghugorm
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1898 | |
Vipera bornmülleri Werner |
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Vipera lebetina bornmülleri Werner 1902 |
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Coluber bornmülleri Nikolsky 1916 |
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Daboia raddei bornmuelleri Obst 1983 |
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Vipera xanthina bornmuelleri Golay & al. 1993 |
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Montivipera bornmuelleri Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux 2005 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of xanthina (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960; Schätti, Baran & Sigg 1991).
Presence of bornmuelleri in Israel is based on its occurrence in the small part of Mt. Hermon currently claimed by Israel, but formerly Lebanese territory.
Distribution:
Israel,
Lebanon,
Syria.
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Montivipera bulgardaghica
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Taurus Viper, Bulgar Dagh Viper
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Taurische Bergotter
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Taurus-bjerghugorm
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1985 | |
Vipera bulgardaghica Nilson & Andren |
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Montivipera bulgardaghica Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux 2005 |
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1990 | |
Vipera albizona Nilson, Andren & Flard (Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger 2016) |
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Montivipera albizona Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux 2005 |
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Montivipera bulgardaghica albizona Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger 2016 |
Other common names:
albizona: Central Turkish Mountain Viper, Kulmac Daglari Viper
Remarks:
Status doubtful (e.g., Freitas & al. 2020).
Regarded by some authors as a synonym of bornmuelleri (e.g., Golay & al. 1993),
by others as a synonym of xanthina (e.g., Schätti, Baran & Sigg 1991; Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000).
Most recently it has been regarded as a valid species (Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger 2016).
The status of albizona has also been disputed (e.g., Freitas & al. 2020).
Regarded by various authors as either a synonym of wagneri (e.g., Golay & al. 1993),
a synonym of xanthina (e.g., Schätti, Baran & Sigg 1991; Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000),
a synonym of bulgardaghica (e.g., Stümpel & Joger 2009),
or as a valid species (e.g., Nilson & Andrén 1992; Mulder 1994; David & Ineich 1999; Göcmen, Arikan, Yildiz, Mermer & Alpagut-Keskin 2009).
It is herein regarded as a subspecies of bulgardaghica, following Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger (2016).
Further studies are needed (Freitas & al. 2020).
Distribution:
Turkey.
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Montivipera kuhrangica
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Kuhrang Mountain Viper
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Kuhrang-Bergotter
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Kuhrang-bjerghugorm
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2011 | |
Montivipera kuhrangica Rajabizadeh, Nilson & Kami |
Remarks:
Taxonomic status unclear.
Previously regarded as a synonym of raddei (Rastegar-Pouyani, Oraie, Khosravani, Kaboli, Mobaraki, Yousefi, Behrooz, Fakharmanesh & Wink 2014).
Revalidated as a separate species by Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger (2016).
Suggested to be conspecific with raddei, due to low genetic divergence (2%) between the two taxa (Freitas & al. 2020).
Distribution:
Iran.
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Montivipera latifii
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Lar Valley Viper, (Latifi's Viper)
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Elburs-Bergotter
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Alborz-bjerghugorm
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1967 | |
Vipera latifii Mertens, Darevsky & Klemmer |
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Daboia raddei latifii Obst 1983 |
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Vipera raddei latifii Golay & al. 1993 |
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Montivipera latifii Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger 2016 |
Remarks:
Taxonomic status unclear.
Previously regarded as a synonym of raddei (Rastegar-Pouyani, Oraie, Khosravani, Kaboli, Mobaraki, Yousefi, Behrooz, Fakharmanesh & Wink 2014).
Status as a separate species supported by Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wúster & Joger (2016).
Suggested to be conspecific with raddei, due to low genetic divergence (2%) between the two taxa (Freitas & al. 2020).
Distribution:
Iran.
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Montivipera raddei
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Armenian Mountain Viper, Armenian Rock Viper, (Armenian Viper, Radde's Rock Viper, Radde's Viper)
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Armenische Bergotter, Kaukasische Bergotter
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Armensk Bjerghugorm
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1890 | |
Vipera raddei Boettger |
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Coluber raddei Nikolsky 1916 |
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Vipera lebetina raddei Schwarz 1936 |
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Vipera xanthina raddei Mertens 1952 |
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Daboia raddei Obst 1983 |
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Montivipera raddei Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux 2005 |
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1985 | |
Vipera albicornuta Nilson & Andren (Stümpel & Joger 2009; Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wüster & Joger 2016) |
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Vipera raddei albicornuta Golay & al. 1993 |
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1986 | |
Vipera raddei kurdistanica Nilson & Andren (Stümpel & Joger 2009; Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wüster & Joger 2016) |
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Vipera kurdistanica Nilson, Tuniyev, Andrén, Orlov, Joger & Herrmann 1999 |
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Montivipera raddei kurdistanica Rajabizadeh, Nilson & Kami 2011 |
Other common names:
albicornuta: Iranian Mountain Viper, Zanjan Valley Viper, Zigzag Mountain Viper
kurdistanica: Kurdistan Mountain Viper
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of Macrovipera lebetina
or of Montivipera xanthina.
Revalidated as a separate species by Nilson & Sundberg (1981) and Obst (1983).
Previously included kuhrangica and latifii.
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Iran,
Iraq,
Turkey.
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Montivipera raddei
© Rune Midtgaard
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Montivipera wagneri
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Ocellated Mountain Viper, (Wagner's Mountain Viper, Wagner's Viper)
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Wagners Bergotter
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Plettet Bjerghugorm
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1984 | |
Vipera wagneri Nilson & Andren |
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Montivipera wagneri Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux 2005 |
Remarks:
Status uncertain (Schätti, Baran & Sigg 1991; Freitas & al. 2020).
Most authors have considered it a valid species (e.g., Nilson & Andrén 1992; David & Ineich 1999; Venchi & Sindaco 2006; Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014).
Validity supported by Stümpel, Rajabizadeh, Avci, Wüster & Joger (2016), however, Freitas & al. (2020) suggested the relationship with other species in the bornmuelleri group
needs further studies.
Presence in Iran is regarded as doubtful (Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013).
Distribution:
Turkey.
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Montivipera xanthina
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Ottoman Viper, Coastal Viper, Rock Viper, Turkish Viper, Near East Viper
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Kleinasiatische Bergotter
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Vestanatolsk Bjerghugorm, (Bjerghugorm)
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1849 | |
Daboia xanthina Gray |
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Vipera xanthina Strauch 1869 |
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Vipera lebetina xanthina Werner 1902 |
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Mesocoronis xanthina Reuss 1930 |
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Montivipera xanthina Garrigues, Dauga, Ferquel, Choumet & Failloux 2005 |
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2014 | |
Montivipera xanthina dianae Cattaneo |
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2014 | |
Montivipera xanthina nilsoni Cattaneo |
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2017 | |
Montivipera xanthina occidentalis Cattaneo |
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2019 | |
Montivipera xanthina varoli Afsar, Yakin, Cicek & Ayaz |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of Macrovipera lebetina.
Distribution:
Greece
(incl.
Aegean Islands),
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey).
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