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Taxonomy of the genus Salvadora Biodiversity of the family Colubridae

Bibliography of the genus
Salvadora (Patch-nosed Snakes)

(Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Salvadora in general

Bogert, C.M. 1939. A study of the genus Salvadora, the patch-nosed snakes. Univ. California Biol. Sc. 1: 177-236.

Bogert, C.M. 1939. Notes on snakes of the genus Salvadora with a redescription of a neglected Mexican species. Copeia 1939(3): 140-147.

Broadley, D.G. 1979. Predation on reptile eggs by African snakes of the genus Prosymna. Herpetologica 35(4): 338-341.

Hartweg, N. 1940. Description of Salvadora intermedia, new species, with remarks on the grahamiae group. Copeia 1940(4): 256-259.

Hoser, R.T. 2012. A division of the Patch-nosed Snakes, genus Salvadora Baird and Girard, 1853 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Colubrinae). Australasian Journal of Herpetology 14: 6-8.

Schmidt, K.P. 1940. Notes on Texan snakes of the genus Salvadora. Field Museum of Natural History Zoological Series 24: 143-150.

Smith, H.M. 1938. Notes on the snakes of the genus Salvadora. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 25: 229-237.

Smith, H.M. 1941. Further notes on Mexican snakes of the genus Salvadora. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 99(20): 1-12.

Stuart, L.C. 1933. Studies on Neotropical Colubrinae. III. The taxonomic status of certain Neotropical racers. Copeia 1933: 9-10.

Salvadora bairdii

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; González-Saucedo, Z.Y.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E.; Rivas-Mercado, E.A.; Aguirre-Ramírez, K. 2014. Natural history notes: Salvadora bairdi (Baird's Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 45(2): 344.

Carbajal-Márquez, R.A.; Quintero-Díaz, G.E. 2016. Distribution notes: Salvadora bairdi Jan, 1860. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(1): 191.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Hare, T.; Hale, S.F.; Devender, T.R. van 2018. Geographic distribution: Salvadora bairdi (Baird’s Patchnose Snake). Herpetological Review 49(4): 719.

McCranie, J.R.; Wilson, L.D. 1984. New herpetological records for the Mexican state of Aguascalientes. Herpetological Review 15(1): 22.

Setser, K.; Mocino-Deloya, E.; Lazcano, D.; Kardon, A. 2009. Natural history notes: Salvadora bairdi (Baird's Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 40(4): 442.

Salvadora deserticola

Barker, B.S.; Sawyer, Y.E. 2011. Natural history notes: Salvadora hexalepis deserticola (Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake). Diet and predation. Herpetological Review 42(2): 304.

Burkett, D.W. 2003. Geographic distribution: Salvadora deserticola (Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake). Herpetological Review 34(4): 390.

Gatica-Colima, A.; Cordova-Reza, N. 2012. Natural history notes: Salvadora hexalepis deserticola (Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 43(2): 350-351.

Jameson, D.L. 1957. The western patch-nosed snake in central New Mexico. Herpetologica 13: 14.

Reyes, M.N. de los; Lazcano, D.; Espinosa-Treviño, A. 2018. Geographic distribution: Salvadora deserticola (Big Bend Patch-nosed Snake). Herpetological Review 49(3): 507.

Zweifel, R.G.; Norris, K.S. 1955. Contribution to the herpetology of Sonora, Mexico: descriptions of new subspecies of snakes (Micruroides euryxanthus and Lampropeltis getulus) and miscellaneous collecting notes. American Midland Naturalist 54: 230-249.

Salvadora grahamiae

Anderson, P. 1942. New record for Salvadora lineata. Copeia 1942(2): 127.

Buford, T.; Berkshier, S.; Graham, S.P. 2018. Natural history notes: Salvadora grahamiae (Eastern Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(3): 556.

Burchfield, P.M.; Beimler, T.F.; Doucette, C.S. 1982. An unusual precoital head-biting behavior in the Texas patchnosed snake, Salvadora grahamae lineata (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae). Copeia 1982(1): 192-193.

Butterfield, B.P.; Trauth, S.E.; Steward, T.W.; McDaniel, V.R.; McLarty, P. 1991. New county records of amphibians and reptiles from Texas. Herpetological Review 22(1): 28.

Christman, B.; Kilpatrick, S.L.; Painter, C.W.; Stuart, J.N. 1998. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae (Mountain Patchnose Snake). Herpetological Review 29(1): 54-55.

Conant, R. 1942. Notes on the young of three recently described snakes, with comments upon their relationships. Bulletin of the Chicago Academy of Sciences 6(10): 193-200.

Cox, C.L.; Moseley, M.A.; Pasichnyk, P.N.; Tovar, R.U.; Smart, U.; Angarita-Sierra, T.G. 2012. New county records for reptiles and amphibians from south and southeast Texas. Herpetological Review 43(2): 315-316.

Cox, C.L.; Roelke, C.E.; Pope, B. 2008. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae lineata (Texas Patch-nosed Snake). Herpetological Review 39(3): 373.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Desantis, D.L.; Mata-Silva, V.; Johnson, J.D. 2016. Natural history notes: Salvadora grahamiae (Mountain Patch-nosed Snake). Winter foraging. Herpetological Review 47(3): 483-484.

Goldberg, S.R. 1995. Reproduction in the Western Patchnose Snake, Salvador hexalepis, and the Mountain Patchnose Snake, Salvadora grahamiae (Colubridae), from Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 40(1): 119-120.

Hathcock, C.D.; Berryhill, J.T.; Bonham, T.D.; Stuart, J.N. 2018. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae (Eastern Patch-nosed Snake). Herpetological Review 49(1): 79.

Husak, J.F.; Wright, J. 1998. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae lineata (Texas Patchnose Snake). Herpetological Review 29(2): 116.

Karges, J.P. 1981. Texas amphibians and reptiles: some new distributional records, part 3. Herpetological Review 12(2): 68-69.

Landwer, A.J.; Lee, T.E. 2001. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae (Texas Patchnose Snake). Herpetological Review 32(2): 124-125.

McAllister, C.T.; Wooten, M.C.; King, T.L. 1981. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae lineata. Herpetological Review 12(2): 66.

Painter, C.W.; Sias, D.S. 2000. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae (Mountain Patchnose Snake). USA: New Mexico: Harding Co. Herpetological Review 31(2): 114-115.

Ramirez-Bautista, A.; Hernandez-Ibarra, X.; Torres Cervantes, R. 2000. Natural history notes: Salvadora grahamae lineata (Texas Patchnose Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 31(3): 180.

Rash, R.S.; Meik, J.M. 2017. Natural history notes: Coluber constrictor (North American Racer) and Salvadora grahamiae (Eastern Patch-nosed Snake). Diet and predation. Herpetological Review 48(3): 669.

Ruthven, D.C.; Kazmaier, R.T.; Moody, J.K. 1999. New county records from Dimmit and La Salle counties, Texas, USA. Herpetological Review 30(4): 238.

Seifert, W. 1978. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae lineata. USA: Texas: Robertson Co. Herpetological Review 9(2): 62.

Smith, H.M.; Chiszar, D. 1997. New records for amphibians and reptiles from Texas. Herpetological Review 28(2): 99-100.

Taggart, T.W.; Irwin, K.J.; Sweetman, A. 1994. Geographic distribution: Salvadora grahamiae (Mountain Patchnose Snake). USA: Texas: Hamilton Co. Herpetological Review 25(2): 77.

Salvadora hexalepis

Bogert, C.M. 1935. Salvadora grahamiae virgultea, a new subspecies of the patch-nosed snake. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 34(1): 88-04.

Bogert, C.M. 1945. Two additional races of the patch-nosed snake, Salvadora hexalepis. American Museum Novitates 1285: 1-14.

Cameron, S.; Hansen, R.W. 1994. Geographic distribution: Salvadora hexalepis (Western Patchnose Snake). USA: California: Kern Co. Herpetological Review 25(1): 34.

Germano, D.J. 2001. Geographic distribution: Salvadora hexalepis (Western Patchnose Snake). Herpetological Review 32(1): 61.

Goldberg, S.R. 1995. Reproduction in the Western Patchnose Snake, Salvadora hexalepis, and the Mountain Patchnose Snake, Salvadora grahamiae (Colubridae), from Arizona. Southwestern Naturalist 40(1): 119-120.

Grismer, L.L.; McGuire, J.A.; Hollingsworth, B.D. 1994. A report on the herpetofauna of the Vizcaino Peninsula, Baja California, Mexico, with a discussion of its biogeographic and taxonomic implications. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 93(2): 45-80.

Hazard, L.C. 2013. Natural history notes: Salvadora hexalepis (Western Patch-nosed Snake). Foraging behavior. Herpetological Review 44(2): 334-335.

Hensley, M.M. 1950. Results of a herpetological reconnaissance in extreme southwestern Arizona and adjacent Sonora, with a description of a new subspecies of the Sonoran whipsnake, Masticophis bilineatus. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 53: 270-288.

Jacobson, E.R.; Whitford, W.G. 1971. Physiological responses to temperature in the patch-nosed snake, Salvadora hexalepis. Herpetologica 27: 289-295.

Pequegnat, W.E. 1951. The biota of the Santa Ana Mountains. Journal Ent. Zool. 42: 1-84.

Pimentel, R.A. 1960. Northern occurrence of the western patch-nosed snake. Herpetologica 16: 44.

Smith, P.W.; Hensley, M.M. 1959. Notes on a small collection of amphibians and reptiles from the vicinity of the Pinacate lava cap in north-western Sonora, Mexico. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences 61: 64-76.

Stitt, E.W. 2003. Natural history notes: Masticophis bilineatus (Sonoran Whipsnake). Prey. Herpetological Review 34(4): 375-376.

Sullivan, B.K.; Weinstein, S.A. 2017. Foraging and prey handling in the Western Patch-nosed Snake (Salvadora hexalepis), and consideration of venom use in non-front-fanged colubroid snakes. Herpetological Review 48(1): 19-25.

Tanner, W.W. 1953. Herpetological notes. Herpetologica 9: 139-140.

Tanner, W.W. 1958. Herpetology of Glen Canyon of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Herpetologica 14: 193-193.

Taylor, E.H. 1940. Some Mexican serpents. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 26(14): 445-487.

Welsh, H.H.; Bury, R.B. 1984. Additions to the herpetofauna of the southern Colorado Desert, Baja California, with comments on the relationships of Lichanura trivirgata. Herpetological Review 15(2): 53-56.

Salvadora intermedia

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1957. Notes on Mexican snakes (Ophidia). Southwestern Naturalist 2(1): 19-27.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1959. Snakes of the Chilpancingo region, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72: 79-92.

Hartweg, N. 1940. Description of Salvadora intermedia, new species, with remarks on the grahamiae group. Copeia 1940(4): 256-259.

Jiménez-Arcos, V.H.; Alfaro-Juantorena, L.A.; Calzada Arciniega, R.A. 2018. Natural history notes: Salvadora intermedia (Oaxacan Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Herpetological Review 49(3): 556-557.

Santos-Bibiano, R.; Palacios-Aguilar, R.; Castro-Santos, E.; Beltrán-Sánchez, E. 2016. Nature notes: Salvadora intermedia (Oaxacan Patch-nosed Snake). Diet. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3(1): 159-160.

Salvadora mexicana

Camarillo-Rangel, J.L.; Aguilar-Cortes, R.; Gonzalez-Ruiz, A. 1985. Distributional records of amphibians and reptiles from the State of Mexico. Herpetological Review 16(3): 85.

Davis, W.B.; Dixon, J.R. 1959. Snakes of the Chilpancingo region, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 72: 79-92.

Goldberg, S.R. 2005. Natural history notes: Salvadora mexicana (Mexican Patch-nosed Snake). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 36(3): 327.

Jadin, R.C.; García-Vázquez, U.O. 2008. Salvadora mexicana (Mexican patchnose snake): combat behavior. Herpetological Bulletin 104: 39-40.

Mata-Silva, V.; García-Grajales, J.; Johnson, J.D. 2012. Geographic distribution: Salvadora mexicana (Mexican Patch-nosed Snake). México: Oaxaca. Herpetological Review 43(4): 622-623.

Mata-Silva, V.; García-Padilla, E.; Desantis, D.L.; Rocha, A.; Wilson, L.D.; Simón-Salvador, P.R.; Mayoral-Halla, C.; Montiel-Altamirano, B.F.; Ramírez-Bautista, A. 2017. Distribution notes: New herpetofaunal distribution records for the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Mesoamerican Herpetology 4(3): 679-683.

Pianka, E.R.; Smith, H.M. 1959. Distributional records for certain Mexican and Guatemalan reptiles. Herpetologica 15: 119-120.

Ponce-Campos, P.; Huerta Ortega, S.M.; Heinze Yothers, A.; Smith, H.M. 2003. Range extensions and variational notes on some amphibians and reptiles of Jalisco and Michoacan, Mexico. Bulletin of the Maryland Herpetological Society 39(1): 1-7.