Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update:
August 22nd, 2026.
 
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Genus
Lacerta
 |
Eurasian Green Lizards, True Lacertid Lizards, Typical Lacertid Lizards
|
 |
Eurasische Grüne Eidechsen, Halsbandeidechsen, Echte Eidechsen
|
 |
Eurasiske Grønne Firben, Typiske Firben
|
|
1758 |  |
Lacerta Linnaeus (type species: Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758; syn. ICZN (1956): Direction 5657) |
|
1764 | |
Lacertus Garsault (type species: Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758; by subsequent designation: Fitzinger 1843) |
|
1768 | |
Seps Laurenti (type species: Lacerta agilis Linnaeus 1758; syn. Arnold, Arribas & Carranza 2007) |
Contents:
10 species, of which 2 (20.0%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously included
Gastropholis echinata,
Adolfus jacksoni,
A. vauereselli, and the species now placed in the genera
Anatololacerta,
Apathya,
Archaeolacerta,
Atlantolacerta,
Australolacerta,
Dalmatolacerta,
Darevskia,
Dinarolacerta,
Gallotia,
Hellenolacerta,
Iberolacerta,
Iranolacerta,
Omanosaura,
Parvilacerta,
Phoenicolacerta,
Podarcis,
Scelarcis,
Teira,
Timon, and
Zootoca.
Some authors prefer to retain some of these genera as subgenera of
Lacerta (e.g., Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008).
Distribution:
Europe, C. Asia, Middle East.
Reported from:
Albania,
Andorra,
Armenia,
Austria,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Xinjiang),
Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
Estonia,
France,
Georgia,
Germany,
Greece
(mainland,
Aegean Islands
[Argo-Saronic Islands
(Hydra,
Poros,
Salamis,
Spetses),
[Cyclades Islands
(Andros,
Antiparos,
Ios,
Kimolos,
Kythnos,
Milos,
Mykonos,
Naxos,
Paros,
Polyaigos,
Serifos,
Sifnos,
Syros,
Tinos),
Dodecanese Islands
(Kos,
Rhodes),
North Aegean Islands
(Chios,
Lesbos,
Samos,
Samothrace,
Thassos),
Sporades Islands
(Alonnissos,
Arkonissi,
Skiathos,
Skopelos,
Skyros)],
Crete,
Euboea,
Ionian Islands
[Cephalonia,
Corfu,
Diapontia Islands
(Othonoi),
Ithaki,
Kalamos,
Kastos,
Kythira,
Lefkada,
Meganisi,
Paxos,
Provati,
Zakynthos],
Peloponnese),
Hungary,
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Italy
(incl.
Elba,
Sicily),
Jordan,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia,
Lebanon,
Liechtenstein,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Moldova,
Mongolia,
Montenegro,
Netherlands,
North Macedonia,
Poland,
Portugal,
Romania,
Russia,
San Marino,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Syria,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Turkmenistan,
Ukraine
(incl.
Crimea),
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands,
England,
Wales).
| |
|
Lacerta agilis
|
Northern Eurasian Sand Lizard, European Fence Lizard, Sand Lizard
|
|
Zauneidechse
|
|
Markfirben
|
|
1758 | |
Lacerta agilis Linnaeus |
|
1768 | |
Seps argus Laurenti (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1768 | |
Seps caerulescens Laurenti (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1768 | |
Seps ruber Laurenti (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1789 | |
Lacerta pardus Razoumowsky (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1798 | |
Seps stellatus Schrank (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1802 | |
Lacerta arenicola Daudin [substitute name for Seps caerulescens Laurenti 1768] |
|
1802 | |
Lacerta laurentii Daudin [substitute name for Seps argus Laurenti 1768] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1802 | |
Lacerta stirpium Daudin (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1804 | |
Lacerta agilis grisea Herrmann (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1804 | |
Lacerta anguiformis Sheppard (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1814 | |
Lacerta europaea Pallas (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1826 | |
Lacerta agilis erythronotus Fitzinger [substitute name for Seps ruber Laurenti 1768] |
|
1831 | |
Lacerta exigua Eichwald (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
| |
Zootoca exigua Eichwald 1841 |
|
| |
Nucras ? exigua Gray 1845 |
|
| |
Lacerta agilis exigua Boulenger 1887 |
|
1832 | |
Lacerta chersonensis Andrzejowski (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
| |
Lacerta agilis chersonensis Boulenger 1916 |
|
1834 | |
Lacerta sylvicola Eversmann (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1841 | |
Lacerta viridis colchica Eichwald (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1851 | |
Lacerta sericea Glückselig (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1856 | |
Lacerta dilepis Lichtenstein (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1868 | |
Lacerta italica Gistel (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1868 | |
Lacerta kochi Gistel (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1874 | |
Lacerta agilis ischliensis Bedriaga (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1874 | |
Lacerta doniensis Bedriaga (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1876 | |
Lacerta agilis maculifrons Sahlberg (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1877 | |
Lacerta stirpium ocellata Müller (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1878 | |
Lacerta agilis orientalis Kessler (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1878 | |
Lacerta stirpium atrata Müller (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1886 | |
Lacerta paradoxa Bedriaga [not Lacerta paradoxa Razoumowsky 1789] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis albolineata Düringen (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis annulata Werner (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis dorsalis Werner (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis immaculata Düringen (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis melanota Düringen (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis nigricans Düringen (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta agilis spinalis Werner (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1899 | |
Lacerta agilis altaica Kascenko (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1909 | |
Lacerta agilis kurtuana Kashchenko (Zhao & Adler 1993) |
|
1912 | |
Lacerta agilis bosnica Schreiber (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1912 | |
Lacerta agilis concolor Schreiber (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1912 | |
Lacerta agilis eremioides Schreiber (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1926 | |
Lacerta agilis kaukasica Suchow (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1926 | |
Lacerta agilis tauridica Suchow |
|
1929 | |
Lacerta boemica Suchow (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
| |
Lacerta agilis boemica Terentjev & Chernov 1936 |
|
1958 | |
Lacerta agilis brevicaudata Peters (Basoglu & Baran 1977) |
|
1960 | |
Lacerta agilis grusinica Peters [substitute name for Lacerta paradoxa Bedriaga 1886] |
|
1964 | |
Lacerta agilis euxinica Fuhn & Vancea (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1968 | |
Lacerta agilis ioriensis Peters & Muskheliswili (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
1975 | |
Lacerta agilis garzoni Palacios & Castroviejo (syn. Bischoff 1984) |
|
2008 | |
Lacerta agilis mzymtensis Tuniyev & Tuniyev |
Distribution:
Albania,
Andorra,
Armenia,
Austria,
Azerbaijan,
Belarus,
Belgium,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
China
(Xinjiang),
Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Denmark,
Estonia,
France,
Georgia,
Germany,
Greece
(mainland),
Hungary,
Italy,
Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan,
Latvia,
Liechtenstein,
Lithuania,
Luxembourg,
Moldova,
Mongolia,
Montenegro,
Netherlands,
North Macedonia,
Poland,
Romania,
Russia,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Spain,
Sweden,
Switzerland,
Turkey,
Ukraine
(incl.
Crimea),
United Kingdom
(England,
Wales).
| 
Lacerta agilis
© Rune Midtgaard
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Lacerta bilineata
|
Western Green Lizard, Western Emerald Lizard
|
|
Westliche Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Vestligt Smaragdfirben
|
|
1802 | |
Lacerta bilineata Daudin |
|
1804 | |
Lacerta prasina Herrmann (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1810 | |
Lacerta chloronota Rafinesque (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
| |
Lacerta viridis chloronotos [lapsus] Bedriaga 1886 |
|
| |
Lacerta viridis chloronota Welch 1983 |
|
| |
Lacerta bilineata chloronota Godinho, Crespo, Ferrand & Harris 2005 |
|
1834 | |
Lacerta bistriata Schinz [1833-35] (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1836 | |
Lacerta viridis maculata Bonaparte (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1836 | |
Lacerta viridis mento-coerulea Bonaparte (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1853 | |
Lacerta viridis cinero-nigrescens De Betta (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1853 | |
Lacerta viridis variegata Massolongo (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1853 | |
Lacerta viridis vulgaris Massolongo (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1857 | |
Lacerta viridis brunneo-viridescens De Betta (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1857 | |
Lacerta viridis concolor De Betta (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1857 | |
Lacerta viridis versicolor De Betta (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1868 | |
Lacerta viridis bettae Gistel [substitute name for Lacerta viridis cinereo-nigrescens De Betta 1852] (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1875 | |
Lacerta viridis punctata Schreiber (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1875 | |
Lacerta viridis radiata Schreiber (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1875 | |
Lacerta viridis variolata Schreiber (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1926 | |
Lacerta viridis fejervaryi Vasvary (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
| |
Lacerta bilineata fejervaryi Godinho, Crespo, Ferrand & Harris 2005 |
|
1930 | |
Lacerta viridis magnifica Sobolewskij (syn. Kehlmaier, Zinenko & Fritz 2020) |
|
1950 | |
Lacerta viridis chloroprima Taddei (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1950 | |
Lacerta viridis chlorosecunda Taddei (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
| |
Lacerta bilineata chlorosecunda Godinho, Crespo, Ferrand & Harris 2005 |
|
1950 | |
Lacerta viridis cisalpina Taddei (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1950 | |
Lacerta viridis italica Taddei [not Lacerta italica Gistel 1868] (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
|
1950 | |
Lacerta viridis tiberina Taddei (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of viridis (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960), until studies on reproductive ecology, hybridogenesis, and genetics suggested that
they are separate species (Nettmann & Rykena 1984; Böker 1990a, 1990b; Rykena 1991).
Revalidated by Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith (1997) and supported by Joger, Amann & Veith (2001) and Böhme, Fritz, Kotenko, Dzukic, Ljubisavljevic, Tzankov &
Berendonk (2007), although some authors have questioned the validity of bilineata (e.g., Mayer & Beyerlein 2002; Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008).
A highly distinct genetic lineage in Western Balkan, which was previously assigned to viridis, was believed to represent bilineata by
Böhme, Fritz, Kotenko, Dzukic, Ljubisavljevic, Tzankov & Berendonk (2007), but the status of all lineages in the viridis group remain unresolved
(Marzahn, Mayer, Joger, Ilgaz, Jablonski, Kindler, Kumlutas, Nistri, Schneewiess, Vamberger, Zagar & Fritz 2015).
Pending further studies, the Adriatic lineage is provisionally included herein under bilineata, following the former authors.
See remarks regarding Italian peninsular populations under viridis.
Historical records of viridis from Crimea refer to introduced bilineata (Kehlmaier, Zinenko & Fritz 2020).
Introduced to:
Republic of Ireland,
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands
[Guernsey],
England,
Wales),
USA
(Kansas).
Distribution:
Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Croatia,
France,
Germany,
Greece
(mainland),
Italy
(mainland,
Elba,
Sicily),
Montenegro,
San Marino,
Slovenia,
Spain
(mainland),
Switzerland,
United Kingdom
(Channel Islands
[Jersey]),
|
Lacerta bilineata
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Lacerta citrovittata
|
Yellow-striped Green Lizard, Cycladic Green Lizard
|
|
Gelbstreifen-Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Gulstribet Smaragdfirben
|
|
1938 | |
Lacerta viridis citrovittata Werner |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata citrovittata Nettmann & Rykena 1984 |
|
| |
Lacerta citrovittata Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché 2019 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of viridis (e.g., Mertens & Wermuth 1960) or of trilineata (e.g., Nettmann & Rykena 1984).
Raised to species status by Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché (2019).
Distribution:
Greece
(Aegean Islands
[Cyclades Islands
(Andros,
Antiparos,
Ios,
Mykonos,
Naxos,
Paros,
Syros,
Tinos)]).
|
|
|
Lacerta diplochondrodes
|
Eastern Balkan Green Lizard
|
|
Östliche Riesen-Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Østligt Stort Smaragdfirben
|
|
1952 | |
Lacerta strigata diplochondrodes Wettstein |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata diplochondrotes [sic] Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000 |
|
| |
Lacerta diplochondrodes Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché 2019 |
|
1959 | |
Lacerta trilineata dobrogica Fuhn & Mertens |
|
| |
Lacerta diplochondrodes dobrogica Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché 2019 |
|
1964 | |
Lacerta trilineata cariensis Peters |
|
| |
Lacerta diplochondrodes cariensis Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché 2019 |
|
1964 | |
Lacerta trilineata galatiensis Peters |
|
| |
Lacerta diplochondrodes galatiensis Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché 2019 |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a subspecies of strigata or trilineata (e.g., Wettstein 1952; Nettmann & Rykena 1984).
Raised to species status by Kornilios, Thanou, Lymberakis, Ilgaz, Kumlutas & Leaché (2019).
Distribution:
Greece
(mainland,
Aegean Islands
[Dodecanese Islands
(Kos,
Rhodes),
North Aegean Islands
(Chios,
Lesbos,
Samos,
Samothrace)]),
Turkey.
|
Lacerta diplochondrodes
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Lacerta media
|
Levant Emerald Lizard, Oriental Three-streaked Green Lizard, Medium Lizard
|
|
Östliche Riesen-Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Levantisk Smaragdfirben
|
|
1920 | |
Lacerta viridis media Lantz & Cyren |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata media Müller 1939 |
|
| |
Lacerta media Terentjev & Chernov 1949 |
|
1922 | |
Lacerta strigata wolterstorffi Mertens (syn. Bosch, Bischoff & Schmidtler 1998) |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata wolterstorffi Bodenheimer 1944 |
|
| |
Lacerta media wolterstorffi Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000 |
|
1964 | |
Lacerta trilineata israelica Peters (syn. Bosch, Bischoff & Schmidtler 1998) |
|
| |
Lacerta media israelica Bauer & Günther 1995 |
|
1975 | |
Lacerta trilineata ciliciensis Schmidtler (syn. Wrangel 1996) |
|
| |
Lacerta media ciliciensis Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000 |
|
1975 | |
Lacerta trilineata isaurica Schmidtler (syn. Wrangel 1996) |
|
| |
Lacerta media isaurica Sindaco, Venchi, Carpaneto & Bologna 2000 |
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Georgia,
Iran,
Iraq,
Israel,
Jordan,
Lebanon,
Russia,
Syria,
Turkey.
|
|
|
Lacerta pamphylica
|
Pamphylian Green Lizard
|
|
Pamphylische Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Pamfylisk Smaragdfirben
|
|
1975 | |
Lacerta trilineata pamphylica Schmidtler |
|
| |
Lacerta pamphylica Schmidtler 1986 |
Distribution:
Turkey.
|
|
|
Lacerta schreiberi
|
Iberian Green Lizard, Iberian Emerald Lizard, (Schreiber's Green Lizard)
|
|
Iberische Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Iberisk Smaragdfirben
|
|
1878 | |
Lacerta schreiberi Bedriaga |
|
| |
Lacerta viridis schreiberi Bedriaga 1886 |
|
1884 | |
Lacerta viridis gadovii Boulenger (syn. Salvador 1984) |
|
1897 | |
Lacerta viridis ventrimaculata Dürigen (syn. Salvador 1984) |
Distribution:
Portugal,
Spain.
|
Lacerta schreiberi
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Lacerta strigata
|
Caspian Green Lizard, Caucasian Emerald Lizard, Five-streaked Green Lizard
|
|
Kaspische Smaragdeidechse, Kaukasische Smaragdeidechse, Streifeneidechse
|
|
Kaspisk Smaragdfirben
|
|
1831 | |
Lacerta strigata Eichwald |
|
| |
Lacerta viridis strigata De Filippi 1865 |
|
1832 | |
Lacerta quinquevittata Menetries (syn. Darevsky 1984) |
|
1875 | |
? Lacerta viridis quinque-radiata Duméril & Bibron [ex errore?] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1886 | |
Lacerta viridis vaillanti Bedriaga (syn. Darevsky 1984) |
|
1917 | |
Lacerta viridis woosnami Boulenger (syn. Darevsky 1984) |
Remarks:
Although records of strigata from Iraq were claimed to have been based on confusion with media or princeps
(Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992), the presence of strigata in the country was confirmed by Afrasiab, Mohamad & Hossain (2013).
Distribution:
Armenia,
Azerbaijan,
Georgia,
Iran,
Iraq,
Russia,
Turkey,
Turkmenistan.
|
Lacerta strigata
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Lacerta trilineata
|
Western Balkan Green Lizard, (Giant Green Lizard, Three-lined Emerald Lizard, Three-lined Lizard, Balkan Emerald Lizard)
|
|
Westliche Riesen-Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Vestligt Stort Smaragdfirben
|
|
1886 | |
Lacerta viridis var. trilineata Bedriaga |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata Müller 1939 |
|
| |
Lacerta strigata trilineata Wettstein 1957 |
|
1881 | |
Lacerta viridis aurata Bedriaga [not Lacerta aurata Linnaeus 1758] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1881 | |
Lacerta viridis fusca Bedriaga [not Lacerta fusca Daudin 1802] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1887 | |
Lacerta viridis major Boulenger (syn. Nettmann & Rykena 1984) |
|
| |
Lacerta major Schreiber 1912 |
|
| |
Lacerta strigata major Werner 1939 |
|
1912 | |
Lacerta major subcellata Schreiber (syn. Nettmann & Rykena 1984) |
|
1935 | |
Lacerta major hansschweizeri Müller (syn. Nettmann & Rykena 1984) |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata hansschweizeri Mertens & Müller 1940 |
|
1952 | |
Lacerta strigata polylepidota Wettstein (syn. Nettmann & Rykena 1984) |
|
| |
Lacerta trilineata polylepidota Fuchs 1979 |
Remarks:
Previously included citrovittata, diplochondrodes, media and pamphylica.
Distribution:
Albania,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Greece
(mainland,
Aegean Islands
[Argo-Saronic Islands
(Hydra,
Poros,
Salamis,
Spetses),
Cyclades Islands
(Kimolos,
Kythnos,
Milos,
Polyaigos,
Serifos,
Sifnos),
Dodecanese Islands
(Rhodes),
Sporades Islands
(Alonnissos,
Arkonissi,
Skiathos,
Skopelos,
Skyros)],
Crete,
Euboea,
Ionian Islands
[Cephalonia,
Corfu,
Diapontia Islands
(Othonoi),
Ithaki,
Kalamos,
Kastos,
Kythira,
Lefkada,
Meganisi,
Paxos,
Provati,
Zakynthos],
Peloponnese),
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Romania,
Serbia,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey).
|
Lacerta trilineata
© Henrik Bringsøe
|
|
Lacerta viridis
|
Eastern Green Lizard, Eastern Emerald Lizard
|
|
Östliche Smaragdeidechse
|
|
Østligt Smaragdfirben
|
|
1768 | |
Seps viridis Laurenti |
|
| |
Lacerta viridis Daudin 1802 |
|
1768 | |
Seps sericeus Laurenti (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
|
1768 | |
Seps terrestris Laurenti (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1768 | |
Seps varius Laurenti (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1802 | |
Lacerta fusca Daudin [substitute name for Seps terrestris Laurenti 1768] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1820 | |
Lacerta smaragdina Meisner [substitute name for Seps viridis Laurenti 1768] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1832 | |
Lacerta elegans Andrzejowski (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1851 | |
Lacerta cyanolaema Glückselig [substitute name for Seps viridis Laurenti 1768] (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1875 | |
Lacerta viridis nigra Schreiber (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1875 | |
Lacerta viridis quadriradiata Schreiber (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1888 | |
Lacerta viridis transsylvanica Kimakovicz (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1897 | |
Lacerta viridis istriensis Werner (syn. Marzahn, Mayer, Joger, Ilgaz, Jablonski, Kindler, Kumlutas, Nistri, Schneewiess, Vamberger, Zagar & Fritz 2015) |
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1897 | |
Lacerta viridis flavescens Werner (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1897 | |
Lacerta viridis holomelas Werner (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1897 | |
Lacerta viridis similis Werner (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1905 | |
Lacerta viridis intermedia Mehely (syn. Marzahn, Mayer, Joger, Ilgaz, Jablonski, Kindler, Kumlutas, Nistri, Schneewiess, Vamberger, Zagar & Fritz 2015) |
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1930 | |
Lacerta viridis brandenburgensis Hecht (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1933 | |
Lacerta viridis meridionalis Cyren (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1950 | |
Lacerta viridis udicarsica Taddei (syn. Mertens & Wermuth 1960) |
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1986 | |
Lacerta viridis infrapunctata Schmidtler (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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1986 | |
Lacerta viridis paphlagonica Schmidtler (syn. Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997) |
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2001 | |
Lacerta viridis guentherpetersi Rykena, Nettmann & Mayer |
Remarks:
Previously confused with bilineata (see remarks under that species).
Older literature records from Andorra, France, Spain, Switzerland, and United Kingdom refer to bilineata.
The validity and assignment of several nominal subspecies in Italy still needs clarification, but most populations in Italy are regarded as bilineata,
following Elbing, Nettmann & Rykena (1997), with a zone of sympatry in NE. Italy, Slovenia, and Croatia
(Rykena 1991; Elbing, Nettmann & Rykena 1997; Amann, Rykena, Joger, Nettmann & Veith 1997; Sindaco, Doria, Razzetti & Bernini (eds.) 2006).
A distinct Adriatic lineage previously assigned to viridis has provisionally been included herein under bilineata (see remarks under bilineata).
The latter species is native to the Channel Islands, United Kingdom, and Green Lizards have been introduced to England, but which species they represent is unclear.
Introductions of Green Lizards to USA (Kansas) apparently originate from Western Europe, and therefore represent bilineata
(Deichsel & Miller 2000; Kalyabina-Hauf & Deichsel 2002).
Presence in Poland needs confirmation, as there is only one observation since the middle of the 19th century (Bielawski & Ramik 1972; Elbing, Nettmann & Rykena 1997).
Historical records from Crimea refer to introduced bilineata (Kehlmaier, Zinenko & Fritz 2020).
Distribution:
Albania,
Austria,
Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Bulgaria,
Croatia,
Czech Republic,
Germany,
Greece
(mainland,
Aegean Islands
[North Aegean Islands
(Samothrace,
Thassos),
Sporades Islands
(Skiathos,
Skyros)},
Euboea,
Ionian Islands
[Corfu,
Paxos]),
Hungary,
Italy,
Moldova,
Montenegro,
North Macedonia,
Romania,
Serbia,
Slovakia,
Slovenia,
Turkey
(incl.
European Turkey),
Ukraine.
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Lacerta viridis
© Henrik Bringsøe
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