Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: April 5th, 2026. Taxonomy of the family Typhlopidae Bibliography of the genus Ramphotyphlops Biodiversity of the family Typhlopidae Genus Ramphotyphlops Australasian Blind Snakes, Long-tailed Blind Snakes Australasiatische Blindschlangen Australasiatiske Ormeslanger 1830 Typhlina Wagler [not Typhlina Ehrenberg in Hemprich 1828 (Rotifera)] (type species: Acontias lineatus Reinwardt 1830 [nomen nudum] and Anguis septem-striatus Schneider 1801) [suppressed by ICZN (1982): Opinion 1207; see McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999; Adalsteinsson, Branch, Trape, Vitt & Hedges 2009) Typhlira Jan 1861 [lapsus for Typhlina] 1843 Pseudotyphlops Fitzinger [not Pseudotyphlops Schlegel 1839 (Uropeltidae)] (type species: Typhlops polygrammicus Schlegel 1839; syn. Nagy, Marion, Glaw, Miralles, Nopper, Vences & Hedges 2015 [by implication]) 1843 Ramphotyphlops Fitzinger (type species: Typhlops multilineatus Schlegel 1839) 1844 Pilidion Dumeril & Bibron [substitute name for Typhlina Wagler 1830, erroneously believed preoccupied by Typhline Wiegmann 1834] 1845 Anilios Gray (type species: Anilios australis Gray 1845, by subsequent designation of Stejneger 1904; syn. Kraus & Maddock 2026) 1845 Typhlinalis Gray [substitute name for Typhlina Wagler 1830] 1864 Typhlina Jan [not Typhlina Ehrenberg in Hemprich 1828 (Rotifera); not Typhlina Wagler 1830 (Serpentes)] (type species: Typhlops lineatus Schlegel 1839) 1984 Libertadictus Wells & Wellington (type species: Onychocephalus bituberculatus Peters 1863; syn. Pyron & Wallach 2014 [by implication]) 1985 Sivadictus Wells & Wellington (type species: Anilios nigrescens Gray 1845; syn. Pyron & Wallach 2014 [by implication]) 2006 Austrotyphlops Wallach [nomen nudum] (type species: Anilios nigrescens Gray 1845; syn. Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 [by implication]) 2014 Sundatyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal (type species: Typhlops polygrammicus Schlegel 1839; syn. Kraus & Maddock 2026) Contents: 73 species, of which 66 (90.4%) are endemic. Endemism: 0% 100% Other common names: Anilios: Australian Blind Snakes Ramphotyphlops (excl. Anilios and Sundatyphlops): Western Pacific Blind Snakes Sundatyphlops: Lesser Sunda Blind Snakes Remarks: Previously included Cathetorhinus melanocephalus, now assigned to the family Gerrhopilidae. The nominal genus Sundatyphlops was synonymized with the nominal genus Anilios by Pyron & Wallach (2014), but revalidated by Nagy, Marion, Glaw, Miralles, Nopper, Vences & Hedges (2015), however, Kraus and Maddock (2026) synonymized both with Ramphotyphlops. Distribution: SE. Asia, Malay Archipelago, Australia, W. Pacific Ocean. Reported from: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Northern Territory [incl. Groote Eylandt]), Queensland [incl. Fraser Island, Torres Strait Islands], South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia), Cambodia, Christmas Island, East Timor, Indonesia (Ambon, Bacan, Bali, Bangka, Batanta, Flores, Halmahera, Java, Kai Islands, Kalimantan, Komodo, Lombok, Miang Island, Madura, Misool, Morotai, Nias, Obi, Penida, Salawati, Sangir Islands [Sangir], Seram, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Ternate, Tidore, West Timor, Western New Guinea), Laos, Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia [incl. Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Tioman)]), Micronesia (incl. Pohnpei [incl. Ant Atoll], Yap State [incl. Ulithi Atoll]), Myanmar, New Caledonia (incl. Loyalty Islands), Palau, Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands (Manus), Duke of York, New Britain, New Ireland], Eastern New Guinea). North Solomon Islands, [Bougainville], Woodlark), Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, Mindanao, Negros, Panay, Polillo, Samar, Sulu Islands [Basilan, Bubuan, Sibutu]), Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal, Rennell), Thailand. Meristic and other data of the world's snakes. Compiled by V. Wallach Key to abbreviations Head drawings of the genus Ramphotyphlops. Compiled by V. Wallach Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus Palau Blind Snake Palau-Blindschlange Palau-ormeslange 1877 Typhlops acuticaudus Peters Typhlina acuticauda Hahn 1980 Ramphotyphlops acuticaudus Bauer, Günther & Klipfel 1995 Remarks: The correct spelling of the specific epithet is acuticaudus (Kraus & Fortson 2024; as opposed to Böhme & Denzer 2019). Distribution: Palau. Ramphotyphlops adocetus Ant Atoll Blind Snake Ant-Atoll-Blindschlange Ant Atoll-ormeslange 2012 Ramphotyphlops adocetus Wynn, Reynolds, Buden, Falanruw & Lynch Distribution: Micronesia (Pohnpei: Ant Atoll). Ramphotyphlops affinis Australian Small-headed Blind Snake Australische Kleinkopf-Blindschlange Australsk Småhovedet Ormeslange 1889 Typhlops affinis Boulenger Typhlina affinis McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops affinis Robb 1966 Sivadictus affinis Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops affinis Wallach 2006 Anilios affinis Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1914 Typhlops kenti Boulenger (syn. Hahn 1980) Ramphotyphlops kenti Robb 1966 Sivadictus kenti Wells & Wellington 1985 Remarks: Previously included mansuetus. Reported from North Solomon Islands (Papua New Guinea) (e.g., Whitaker, Whitaker & Mills 1982), but O'Shea (1996) did not include these islands in the range of the species. A record from the Solomon Islands refer to mansuetus (Iskandar & Colijn 2001). Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland). Ramphotyphlops albiceps Southeast Asian White-headed Blind Snake Südostasiatische Weisskopf-Blindschlange Sydøstasiatisk Hvidhovedet Ormeslange 1898 Typhlops albiceps Boulenger Typhlina albiceps Hahn 1980 Ramphotyphlops albiceps Tweedie 1983 Indotyphlops albiceps Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1937 Typhlops malaisei Rendahl (Smith 1943; McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999) Distribution: Cambodia, China (Hong Kong), Malaysia (West Malaysia [incl. Seribuat Archipelago (incl. Tioman)]), Laos, Myanmar, Thailand. Ramphotyphlops ammodytes Pilbara Round-nosed Blind Snake, Ammodyte Blind Snake Pilbara-Rundnasen-Blindschlange Butsnudet Pilbara-ormeslange 1914 Typhlops ammodytes Montague Ramphotyphlops diversus ammodytes Storr 1981 Libertadictus ammodytes Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops ammodytes Wallach 2006 Anilios ammodytes Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies or synonym of diversus (e.g., Hahn 1980; Storr 1981). Regarded as a distinct species by Aplin & Smith (2001), based on sympatry and external anatomy. Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops angusticeps Arboreal Blind Snake Baum-Blindschlange Klatrende Ormeslange 1878 Typhlops angusticeps Peters Typhlina angusticeps McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops angusticeps McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999 1921 Typhlops olivaceus reduncus Barbour (Hahn 1980) Remarks: Presence of angusticeps in New Caledonia, the type locality, is regarded as an error (McDowell 1974; Bauer & Sadlier 2000). Distribution: Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal, Rennell). Ramphotyphlops aspinus Round-tailed Blind Snake Rundschwanz-Blindschlange Rundhalet Ormeslange 1998 Ramphotyphlops aspina Couper, Covacevich & Wilson Austrotyphlops aspina Wallach 2006 Anilios aspinus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Queensland). Ramphotyphlops australis Southwestern Blind Snake, (Southern Blind Snake, Austral Blind Snake) Südwestaustralische Blindschlange Sydvestaustralsk Ormeslange 1845 Anilios australis Gray Typhlops australis Peters 1865 Ramphotyphlops australis Robb 1966 Typhlina australis McDowell 1974 Sivadictus australis Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops australis Wallach 2006 1860 Onychocephalus macrurus Peters (syn. McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999) Ramphotyphlops macrurus Bauer, Günther & Klipfel 1995 1860 Typhlops preissi Jan (syn. Hahn 1980) Sivadictus preissi Wells & Wellington 1985 Remarks: Previously included bicolor. Now restricted to Western Australia (Rabosky, Aplin, Donnelly & Hedges 2004). Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops batillus Shovel-snouted Blind Snake Schaufelnasen-Blindschlange Skovlsnudet Ormeslange 1894 Typhlops batillus Waite Typhlina batilla McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops batillus Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 Libertadictus batillus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops batillus Wallach 2006 Anilios batillus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Known from only one specimen of uncertain origin (Wilson & Swan 2010). Included by Cogger, Cameron & Cogger (1983) without mentioning the distribution of the species. Formally revalidated by Shea (1999). Distribution: Australia (New South Wales). Ramphotyphlops becki Guadalcanal Blind Snake, (Beck's Blind Snake) Guadalcanal-Blindschlange Guadalcanal-ormeslange 1948 Typhlops becki Tanner Ramphotyphlops becki Shea & Wallach 2000 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of willeyi (e.g., McDowell 1974; Hahn 1980; McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999). Revalidated by Shea & Wallach (2000). Distribution: Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal). Ramphotyphlops bicolor Dark-spined Blind Snake, (Bicoloured Blind Snake, Southern Blind Snake) Dunkeldornige Blindschlange Mørktornet Ormeslange 1860 Onychocephalus bicolor Peters Typhlops bicolor Jan 1864 Sivadictus bicolor Wells & Wellington 1985 Ramphotyphlops bicolor Rabosky, Aplin, Donnellan & Hedges 2004 Anilios bicolor Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of australis (e.g., Hahn 1980). Revalidated by Rabosky, Aplin, Donnellan & Hedges (2004). Records from Northern Territory (e.g., Waite 1918 [as australis]) are erroneous (Shea 1999). Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops bipartitus Tidore Blind Snake Tidore-Blindschlange Tidore-ormeslange 1879 Typhlops bipartitus Sauvage Ramphotyphlops bipartitus Pyron & Wallach 2014 Remarks: Not listed by Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal (2014). The Reptile Database tentatively considered it a synonym of Sundatyphlops polygrammicus, but without references. Validity confirmed by Pyron & Wallach (2014). Distribution: Indonesia (Tidore). Ramphotyphlops bituberculatus Prong-snouted Blind Snake, Rough-nosed Blind Snake Gabelschnauzen-Blindschlange Gaffelsnudet Ormeslange 1863 Onychocephalus bituberculatus Peters Typhlops bituberculatus Boulenger 1893 Ramphotyphlops bituberculatus Robb 1966 Typhlina bituberculata Cogger 1975 Libertadictus bituberculatus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops bituberculatus Wallach 2006 Anilios bituberculatus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops broomi Faint-striped Blind Snake, (Broom's Blind Snake) Blassgestreifte Blindschlange Blegstribet Ormeslange 1898 Typhlops broomi Boulenger Ramphotyphlops broomi Robb 1966 Typhlina broomi McDowell 1974 Sivadictus broomi Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops broomi Wallach 2006 Anilios broomi Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Queensland). Ramphotyphlops centralis Centralian Blind Snake Zentralaustralische Blindschlange Centralaustralsk Ormeslange 1984 Ramphotyphlops centralis Storr Libertadictus centralis Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops centralis Wallach 2006 Anilios centralis Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, South Australia). Ramphotyphlops chamodracaena Cape York Striped Blind Snake Gestreifte Cape-York-Blindschlange Stribet Cape York-ormeslange 1993 Ramphotyphlops chamodracaena Ingram & Covacevich Austrotyphlops chamodracaena Wallach 2006 Anilios chamodracaena Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Queensland). Ramphotyphlops conradi Sulawesi Blind Snake, (Conrad's Blind Snake) Sulawesi-Blindschlange Sulawesi-ormeslange 1874 Typhlops conradi Peters Ramphotyphlops conradi Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Indonesia (Sulawesi). Ramphotyphlops cumingii Cumming's Blind Snake Cummings Blindschlange Cummings Ormeslange 1845 Onychophis cumingii Gray Onychocephalus cumingii Boettger 1886 Typhlops cumingii Boulenger 1893 Typhlina cumingii McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops cumingii Wynn & Leviton 1993 1919 Typhlops longicauda Taylor (Hahn 1980) 1919 Typhlops rugosa Taylor (Hahn 1980) 1922 Typhlops dendrophis Taylor (Hahn 1980) 1922 Typhlops mindanensis Taylor (Hahn 1980) Remarks: Leviton, Siler, Weinell & Brown (2018) did not include Panay in the distribution of the species. Distribution: Philippines (Bohol, Cebu, Mindanao, Negros, Panay, Polillo). Ramphotyphlops depressus Melanesian Blind Snake, Solomon Islands Round-nosed Blind Snake Melanesische Blindschlange Melanesisk Ormeslange 1881 Typhlops depressus Peters Ramphotyphlops depressus Wallach 1996 1887 Typhlops aluensis Boulenger (Wallach 1996) Ramphotyphlops aluensis Robb 1966 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of flaviventer (e.g., McDowell 1974; Hahn 1980). Revalidated by Wallach (1996). Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Archipelago [Admiralty Islands (Manus), Duke of York, New Britain, New Ireland], North Solomon Islands [Bougainville], Woodlark), Solomon Islands (incl. Guadalcanal). Ramphotyphlops diversus Northern Australian Blind Snake, Northern Striped Blind Snake, (Northern Blind Snake) Nordaustralische Gestreifte Blindschlange Nordaustralsk Stribet Ormeslange 1894 Typhlops diversus Waite Ramphotyphlops diversus Robb 1966 Typhlina diversa McDowell 1974 Libertadictus diversus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops diversus Wallach 2006 Anilios diversus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Previously included ammodytes. Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops endoterus Interior Blind Snake, (Centralian Blind Snake) Hermannsburg-Blindschlange Hermannsburg-ormeslange 1918 Typhlops endotera Waite Ramphotyphlops endoterus Robb 1966 Typhlina endotera McDowell 1974 Libertadictus endoterus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops endotera Wallach 2006 Anilios endoterus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1919 Typhlops leonhardii Sternfeld (syn. Hahn 1980) Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops erebus Woodlark Blind Snake Woodlark-Blindschlange Woodlark-ormeslange 2023 Ramphotyphlops erebus Kraus Distribution: Papua New Guinea (Woodlark). Ramphotyphlops erycinus Northern Papuan Blind Snake Nordpapuanische Blindschlange Nordpapuansk Ormeslange 1901 Typhlops erycinus Werner Typhlina erycina McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops erycinus O'Shea 1996 Anilios erycinus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Ramphotyphlops exocoeti Christmas Island Blind Snake Christmas-Island-Blindschlange Christmas Island-ormeslange 1887 Typhlops exocoeti Boulenger Typhlina exocoeti Hahn 1980 Ramphotyphlops exocoeti Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 1918 Typhlops capensis Rendahl (Wallach & Glaw 2009) Remarks: Wallach (2003) discussed the generic allocation of exocoeti. Distribution: Christmas Island. Ramphotyphlops flaviventer Yellow-bellied Blind Snake Gelbbauch-Blindschlange Gulbuget Ormeslange 1865 Typhlops flaviventer Peters Typhlina flaviventer McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops flaviventer Wallach 1996 1898 Typhlops philococos Werner (Hahn 1980) 1933 Typhlops buehleri Hediger (Hahn 1980) Ramphotyphlops buehleri Robb 1966 Remarks: Previously included depressus, similis, and supranasalis (e.g., Hahn 1980). Wallach (1996) restricted the range of flaviventer to eastern Indonesia (incl. Western New Guinea). Records from Papua New Guinean islands and Solomon Islands refer to those other species. Distribution: Indonesia (Bacan, Batanta, Halmahera, Misool, Morotai, Obi, Salawati, Ternate, Tidore, Western New Guinea). Ramphotyphlops fossor Ruby Gap Blind Snake Ruby-Gap-Blindschlange Ruby Gap-ormeslange 2015 Anilios fossor Shea Ramphotyphlops fossor Kraus & Maddock 2026 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory). Ramphotyphlops ganei Cathedral Gorge Blind Snake, (Gane's Blind Snake) Cathedral-Gorge-Blindschlange Cathedral Gorge-ormeslange 1998 Ramphotyphlops ganei Aplin Austrotyphlops ganei Wallach 2006 Anilios ganei Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops grypus Black-tailed Beaked Blind Snake, Long-beaked Blind Snake, Australian Hook-nosed Blind Snake Schwarzschwanz-Schnabel-Blindschlange Sorthalet Næbormeslange 1918 Typhlops grypus Waite Ramphotyphlops gryphus [lapsus] Robb 1966 Typhina grypa [lapsus] McDowell 1974 Libertadictus grypus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops grypus Wallach 2006 Anilios grypus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1931 Typhlops nigroterminatus Parker (syn. Ellis 2016) Ramphotyphlops nigroterminatus Robb 1966 Typhlina nigroterminata McDowell 1974 Austrotyphlops nigroterminatus Wallach 2006 Anilios nigroterminatus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Other common names: nigroterminatus: Roebuck Bay Blind Snake Remarks: Status of nigroterminatus is unclear. It has been treated as a valid species by some authors (e.g., Robb 1966; McDowell 1974; Wallach 2006; Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014; Pyron & Wallach 2014), but as a synonym of grypus by others (e.g., Cogger 1983; McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999; Ellis 2016). It has not been mentioned in most recent works, presumably because it has not been regarded as valid (e.g., Wilson & Swan 2010; Cogger 2014). Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops guentheri Top End Blind Snake Top-End-Blindschlange Top End-ormeslange 1865 Typhlops güntheri Peters Ramphotyphlops guentheri Robb 1966 Typhlina guentheri McDowell 1974 Sivadictus guentheri Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops guentheri Wallach 2006 Anilios guentheri Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1895 Typhlops nigricauda Boulenger (syn. Ellis 2016) Sivadictus nigricauda Wells & Wellington 1985 Anilios nigricaudus Pyron & Wallach 2014 Other common names: nigricauda: Daly River Blind Snake Remarks: Status of nigricauda is unclear. It has been regarded as a valid species by some authors (e.g., Pyron & Wallach 2014), but as a synonym of guentheri by others (e.g., Hahn 1980; Ellis 2016). It has not been mentioned in most recent works, presumably because it has not been regarded as valid (e.g., Wilson & Swan 2010; Cogger 2014). Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops hamatus Northern Hook-snouted Blind Snake, Pale-headed Blind Snake Nördliche Hakennasen-Blindschlange Nordaustralsk Krogsnudet Ormeslange 1981 Ramphotyphlops hamatus Storr Libertadictus hamatus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops hamatus Wallach 2006 Anilios hamatus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops hatmaliyeb Ulithi Atoll Blind Snake Ulithi-Blindschlange Ulithi-ormeslange 2012 Ramphotyphlops hatmaliyeb Wynn, Reynolds, Buden, Falanruw & Lynch Distribution: Micronesia (Yap State: Ulithi Atoll). Ramphotyphlops howi Kimberley Deep-soil Blind Snake Walsh-Point-Blindschlange Walsh Point-ormeslange 1983 Ramphotyphlops howi Storr Sivadictus howi Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops howi Wallach 2006 Anilios howi Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops insperatus Fassifern Blind Snake Fassifern-Blindschlange Fassifern-ormeslange 2015 Anilios insperatus Venchi, Wilson & Borsboom Ramphotyphlops insperatus Kraus & Maddock 2026 Distribution: Australia (Queensland). Ramphotyphlops kimberleyensis Kimberley Shallow-soil Blind Snake Kimberley-Blindschlange Kimberley-ormeslange 1981 Ramphotyphlops kimberleyensis Storr Sivadictus kimberleyensis Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops kimberleyensis Wallach 2006 Anilios kimberleyensis Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops leptosomus Murchison Blind Snake, Murchison Slender Blind Snake Murchison-Blindschlange Murchison-ormeslange 1972 Ramphotyphlops leptosoma Robb Typhlina leptosoma Cogger 1975 Libertadictus leptosoma Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops leptosomus Wallach 2006 Anilios leptosomus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Previously included the populations now assigned to obtusifrons and systenos (Ellis, Doughty, Donnellan, Marin & Vidal 2017). Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops leucoproctus White-tailed Blind Snake, Eastern Cape York Blind Snake Weissschwanz-Blindschlange Hvidhalet Ormeslange 1889 Typhlops leucoproctus Boulenger Typhlina ? leucoprocta McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops leucoproctus Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 Anilios leucoproctus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1985 Ramphotyphlops grovesi Wells & Wellington (tentative synonymy) Distribution: Australia (Queensland [incl. Torres Strait Islands), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Ramphotyphlops ligatus Robust Blind Snake Port-Mackay-Blindschlange Port Mackay-ormeslange 1879 Typhlops ligatus Peters Ramphotyphlops ligatus Robb 1966 Typhlina ligata McDowell 1974 Sivadictus ligatus Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops ligatus Wallach 2006 Anilios ligatus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1892 Typhlops curtus Douglas-Ogilby (syn. Hahn 1980) Sivadictus curtus Wells & Wellington 1985 Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland [incl. Torres Strait Islands], Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops lineatus Striped Blind Snake, Lined Blind Snake Südostasiatische Gestreifte Blindschlange Sydøstasiatisk Stribet Ormeslange 1839 Typhlops lineatus Schlegel Typhlina lineata Fitzinger 1843 Pilidion lineatum Duméril & Bibron 1844 Typhlinalis lineatum Gray 1845 Ramphotyphlops lineatus Robb 1966 1896 Typhlops lineatus var. sumatranus Werner Remarks: Present in the past, but not confirmed recently from Singapore (Baker & Lim 2008). Reported from Hong Kong and Indochina by several authors (e.g., Hahn 1980; McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999; Iskandar & Colijn 2001), but this has long been shown to be incorrect (e.g. Pope 1935, Taylor 1965; Bain & Hurley 2011). Extinct in: Singapore. Distribution: Indonesia (Bangka, Java, Kalimantan, Madura, Nias, Sumatra), Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia), Thailand, Singapore. Ramphotyphlops longissimus Barrow Island Blind Snake, (Slender Blind Snake) Barrow-Island-Blindschlange Barrow Island-ormeslange 1998 Ramphotyphlops longissimus Aplin [not Opthalmidion longissimum Dumeril & Bibron 1844] Austrotyphlops longissimus Wallach 2006 Anilios longissimus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops lorenzi Miang Island Blind Snake, (Lorenz' Blind Snake) Miang-Blindschlange Miang-ormeslange 1909 Typhlops lorenzi Werner Ramphotyphlops lorenzi Stuebing 1991 Distribution: Indonesia (Kalimantan: Miang Island). Ramphotyphlops mansuetus Solomon Islands Small-headed Blind Snake Salomonen-Kleinkopf-Blindschlange Småhovedet Salomon-ormeslange 1921 Typhlops cumingi mansuetus Barbour Sivadictus mansuetus Wells & Wellington 1985 Ramphotyphlops mansuetus Wallach 2003 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of affinis (e.g., Hahn 1980; McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999). Revalidated by Wallach (2003). Distribution: Papua New Guinea (North Solomon Islands [Bougainville]), Solomon Islands. Ramphotyphlops margaretae Buff-snouted Blind Snake Gelbschnauzen-Blindschlange Gulsnudet Ormeslange 1981 Ramphotyphlops margaretae Storr Libertadictus margaretae Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops margaretae Wallach 2006 Anilios margaretae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops marxi Northwest Samar Blind Snake, (Marx's Blind Snake) Nordwestliche Samar-Blindschlange Nordvestlig Samar-ormeslange 1993 Typhlops marxi Wallach Ramphotyphlops marxi Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Philippines (Samar). Ramphotyphlops micromma Small-eyed Blind Snake Kleinaugen-Blindschlange Småøjet Ormeslange 1981 Ramphotyphlops micromma Storr Sivadictus micromma Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops micromma Wallach 2006 Anilios micrommus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops minimus Groote Eylandt Dwarf Blind Snake Groote-Eylandt-Blindschlange Groote Eylandt-ormeslange 1929 Typhlops minimus Kinghorn Ramphotyphlops minimus Robb 1966 Typhlina minima McDowell 1974 Sivadictus minimus Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops minimus Wallach 2006 Anilios minimus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory [incl. Groote Eylandt]). Ramphotyphlops mollyozakiae Sakaerat Blind Snake, (Ozaki's Blind Snake) Sakaerat-Blindschlange, (Ozaki's Blindschlange) Sakaerat-ormeslange, (Ozakis Ormeslange) 1999 Typhlops ozakiae Niyomwan [nomen nudum] (syn. Wallach 2020) Ramphotyphlops ozakiae Niyomwan 1999 Indotyphlops ozakiae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 2020 Ramphotyphlops mollyozakiae Wallach Indotyphlops mollyozakiae Midtgaard 2020 (www.repfocus.dk) Remarks: This species was known informally for a couple of decades as Ramphotyphlops ozakiae (subsequently as Typhlops ozakiae or Indotyphlops ozakiae), pending a formal desciption which was never published, however. Finally, Wallach (2020) described it under the name Ramphotyphlops mollyozakiae. So far known only from Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Pak Thong Chai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand (Chan-Ard 2012), but the locality plotted in Chan-Ard (2012) is misplaced. According to Cox, Hoover, Chanhome & Thirakhupt (2012), there is a questionable single specimen from Sumatra, which needs confirmation. Distribution: Thailand. Ramphotyphlops multilineatus Indonesian Hook-nosed Blind Snake Indonesische Hakennasen-Blindschlange Indonesisk Krognæset Ormeslange 1839 Typhlops multilineatus Schlegel Rhinotyphlops multilineatus Fitzinger 1843 Onychocephalus multilineatus Duméril & Bibron 1944 Onychophis multicarinatus [lapsus] Gray 1845 Typhlina multilineata McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops multilineatus Robb 1966 Distribution: Indonesia (Kai Islands, Salawati, Western New Guinea). Ramphotyphlops nema Fannie Bay Blind Snake, (Nema Blind Snake) Fannie-Bay-Blindschlange Fannie Bay-ormeslange 1996 Ramphotyphlops nema Shea & Horner Austrotyphlops nema Wallach 2006 Anilios nema Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory). Ramphotyphlops nigrescens Blackish Blind Snake, Southeastern Blind Snake Australische Schwarze Blindschlange Australsk Sort Ormeslange 1845 Anilios nigrescens Gray Typhlops nigrescens Jan 1861 Typhlops polygrammicus nigrescens Smith 1927 Ramphotyphlops nigrescens Robb 1966 Sivadictus nigrescens Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops nigrescens Wallach 2006 1863 Typhlops rueppelli Jan (syn. Hahn 1980) 1864 Typhlops Temminckii Jan (syn. Hahn 1980) 1889 Typhlops reginae Boulenger (syn. Hahn 1980) Sivadictus reginae Wells & Wellington 1985 Remarks: Previously regarded as a subspecies of polygrammicus. Distribution: Australia (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria). Ramphotyphlops obtusifrons Kalbarri Blind Snake, Blunt-snouted Blind Snake Kalbarri-Blindschlange Kalbarri-ormeslange 2017 Anilios obtusifrons Ellis, Doughty, Donnellan, Marin & Vidal Ramphotyphlops obtusifrons Kraus & Maddock 2026 Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of leptosomus (Ellis, Doughty, Donnellan, Marin & Vidal 2017). Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops olivaceus Olive Blind Snake, Keel-nosed Blind Snake Olivenfarbige Blindschlange Olivenfarvet Ormeslange 1845 Onychophis olivaceus Gray Onychocephalus olivaceus Peters 1861 Typhlops olivaceus Boulenger 1893 Typhlina olivacea McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops olivaceus Wynn & Leviton 1993 1921 Typhlops ligorostris Smith & Procter (Hahn 1980) Remarks: Reports from Sulawesi are considered doubtful (Koch 2012). Distribution: Indonesia (Ambon, Kalimantan, Misool, Sangir Islands [Sangir], Seram), Malaysia (Sarawak), Philippines (Samar, Sulu Islands [Bubuan]). Ramphotyphlops pilbarensis Pilbara Beaked Blind Snake Pilbara-Schnabel-Blindschlange Pilbara-næbormeslange 1993 Ramphotyphlops pilbarensis Aplin & Donnellan Austrotyphlops pilbarensis Wallach 2006 Anilios pilbarensis Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops pinguis Fat Blind Snake, Rotund Blind Snake Dicke Blindschlange Trind Ormeslange 1897 Typhlops pinguis Waite Ramphotyphlops pinguis Robb 1966 Typhlina pinguis Cogger 1975 Libertadictus pinguis Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops pinguis Wallach 2006 Anilios pinguis Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1917 Typhlops opisthopachys Werner (syn. Hahn 1980) Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus Many-lined Blind Snake, (Southern Papuan Blind Snake, Northeast Australian Blind Snake) Vielstreifen-Blindschlange Mangestribet Ormeslange 1839 Typhlops polygrammicus Schlegel Argyophis polygrammicus Gray 1845 Typhlina polygrammica McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 Sundatyphlops polygrammicus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Anilios polygrammicus Pyron & Wallach 2014 1897 Typhlops florensis Boulenger Typhlops polygrammicus florensis Forcart 1953 Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus florensis Kraus & Maddcok 2026 [by implication] 1911 Typhlops elberti Roux Typhlops florensis elberti Mertens 1929 Typhlops polygrammicus elberti Forcart 1953 Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus elberti Kraus & Maddcok 2026 [by implication] 1927 Typhlops florensis undecimlineatus Mertens Typhlops polygrammicus undecimlineatus Forcart 1953 Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus undecimlineatus Kraus & Maddcok 2026 [by implication] 1929 Typhlops florensis brongersmai Mertens Typhlops polygrammicus brongersmai Forcart 1953 Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus brongersmai Kraus & Maddcok 2026 [by implication] 1930 Typhlops soensis De Jong (Hahn 1980) Typhlops polygrammicus soensis Iskandar & Colijn 2001 Ramphotyphlops polygrammicus soensis Kraus & Maddcok 2026 [by implication] Remarks: Previously included nigrescens and torresianus. Records from southeastern Australia refer to nigrescens. Records from northeastern Australia, Torres Strait Islands, and southern New Guinea refer to torresianus. Distribution: Indonesia Ramphotyphlops proximus Proximus Blind Snake New-South-Wales-Blindschlange New South Wales-ormeslange 1885 Typhlops nigrescens McCoy [not Typhlops nigrescens Gray 1845] 1893 Typhlops proximus Waite Ramphotyphlops proximus Robb 1966 Typhlina proxima McDowell 1974 Libertadictus proximus Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops proximus Wallach 2006 Anilios proximus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland [incl. Fraser Island], Victoria). Ramphotyphlops robertsi Romeo Creek Blind Snake, (Roberts' Blind Snake) Romeo-Creek-Blindschlange Romeo Creek-ormeslange 1998 Ramphotyphlops robertsi Couper, Covacevich & Wilson Austrotyphlops robertsi Wallach 2006 Anilios robertsi Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Known from only one specimen (Wilson & Swan 2010). Distribution: Australia (Queensland). Ramphotyphlops silvia Cooloola Blind Snake, (Striped Blind Snake) Cooloola-Blindschlange Cooloola-ormeslange 1993 Ramphotyphlops silvia Ingram & Covacevich Austrotyphlops silvia Wallach 2006 Anilios silvia Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Queensland [incl. Fraser Island]). Ramphotyphlops similis Twenty-rowed Blind Snake Zwanzigstreifen-Blindschlange Tyvestribet Ormeslange 1934 Typhlops similis Brongersma Ramphotyphlops similis Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of flaviventer (e.g., Hahn 1980). Revalidated by Wallach (1996). Distribution: Indonesia (Western New Guinea). Ramphotyphlops splendidus Milyering Well Blind Snake, Splendid Blind Snake Milyering-Blindschlange Milyering-ormeslange 1998 Ramphotyphlops splendidus Aplin Austrotyphlops splendidus Wallach 2006 Anilios splendidus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops suluensis Sulu Islands Blind Snake Sulu-Blindschlange Sulu-ormeslange 1918 Typhlops suluensis Taylor Ramphotyphlops suluensis Gaulke 1995 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of olivaceus (e.g., Hahn 1980). Revalidated by Gaulke (1995, 1996). Distribution: Philippines (Sulu Islands [Basilan, Bubuan, Sibutu]). Ramphotyphlops supranasalis Salawati Blind Snake Salawati-Blindschlange Salawati-ormeslange 1934 Typhlops supranasalis Brongersma Ramphotyphlops supranasalis Wallach 1996 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of flaviventer (e.g., Hahn 1980). Revalidated by Wallach (1996). Distribution: Indonesia (Salawati). Ramphotyphlops systenos Geraldton Blind Snake, (Sharp-snouted Blind Snake) Geraldton-Blindschlange Geraldton-ormeslange 2017 Anilios systenos Ellis, Doughty, Donnellan, Marin & Vidal Ramphotyphlops systenos Kraus & Maddock 2026 Remarks: Previously regarded as a population of leptosomus (Ellis, Doughty, Donnellan, Marin & Vidal 2017). Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops torresianus Torres Blind Snake Torres-Blindschlange Torres-ormeslange 1889 Typhlops torresianus Boulenger Ramphotyphlops torresianus Robb 1966 Anilios torresianus Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of polygrammicus (e.g., Hahn 1980). Revalidated as a separate species by Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal (2014). Distribution: Australia (Queensland [incl. Torres Strait Islands]), Indonesia (Western New Guinea), Papua New Guinea (Eastern New Guinea). Ramphotyphlops tovelli Darwin Blind Snake Darwin-Blindschlange Darwin-ormeslange 1945 Typhlops tovelli Loveridge Typhlina tovelli Cogger 1975 Ramphotyphlops tovelli Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 Sivadictus tovelli Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops tovelli Wallach 2006 Anilios tovelli Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory). Ramphotyphlops troglodytes Sandamara Blind Snake Sandamara-Blindschlange Sandamara-ormeslange 1981 Ramphotyphlops troglodytes Storr Sivadictus troglodytes Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops troglodytes Wallach 2006 Anilios troglodytes Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops unguirostris Claw-snouted Blind Snake Krallenschnauzen-Blindschlange Klosnudet Ormeslange 1867 Typhlops unguirostris Peters Ramphotyphlops unguirostris Robb 1966 Typhlina unguirostris Cogger 1975 Libertadictus unguirostris Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops unguirostris Wallach 2006 Anilios unguirostris Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 1879 Typhlops curvirostris Peters (syn. Hahn 1980) Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops vagurima Mornington Blindsnake Mornington-Blindschlange Mornington-ormeslange 2019 Anilios vagurima Ellis Ramphotyphlops vagurima Kraus & Maddock 2026 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops waitii Common Beaked Blind Snake, (Slender Blind Snake, Waite's Blind Snake) Gewöhnliche Schnabel-Blindschlange Almindelig Næbormeslange 1895 Typhlops waitii Boulenger Ramphotyphlops waitii Storr 1981 Libertadictus waitii Wells & Wellington 1984 Austrotyphlops waitii Wallach 2006 Anilios waitii Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Remarks: Previously regarded as a synonym of australis. Distribution: Australia (South Australia, Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops wiedii Brown-snouted Blind Snake, (Wied's Blind Snake) Braun-nasige Blindschlange Brunsnudet Ormeslange 1867 Typhlops wiedii Peters Ramphotyphlops wiedii Robb 1966 Typhlina wiedii McDowell 1974 Sivadictus wiedii Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops wiedii Wallach 2006 Anilios wiedii Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (New South Wales, Queensland [incl. Torres Strait Islands]). Ramphotyphlops willeyi Loyalty Islands Blind Snake Loyalty-Islands-Blindschlange Loyalty Islands-ormeslange 1900 Typhlops willeyi Boulenger Typhlina willeyi McDowell 1974 Ramphotyphlops willeyi Wallach 1995 Remarks: Previously included becki. Records from Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal) (e.g., Hahn 1980) refer to becki (McCoy 2006). Distribution: New Caledonia (Loyalty Islands). Ramphotyphlops yampiensis Yampi Blind Snake Yampi-Blindschlange Yampi-ormeslange 1981 Ramphotyphlops yampiensis Storr Sivadictus yampiensis Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops yampiensis Wallach 2006 Anilios yampiensis Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia). Ramphotyphlops yirrikalae Yirrikala Blind Snake Yirrikala-Blindschlange Yirrikala-ormeslange 1942 Typhlops yirrikalae Kinghorn Typhlina yirrikalae Cogger 1975 Ramphotyphlops yirrikalae Cogger, Cameron & Cogger 1983 Sivadictus yirrikalae Wells & Wellington 1985 Austrotyphlops yirrikalae Wallach 2006 Anilios yirrikalae Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014 Distribution: Australia (Northern Territory). Ramphotyphlops zonula West Kimberley Blindsnake West-Kimberley-Blindschlange West Kimberley-ormeslange 2016 Anilios zonula Ellis Ramphotyphlops zonula Kraus & Maddock 2026 Distribution: Australia (Western Australia).