Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk).
Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
 
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Genus
Parias
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Malay Archipelago Pitvipers
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Malaiische Bambusottern
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Malayiske Træhugorme
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1849 |  |
Parias Gray (type species: Megaera flavomaculata Gray 1842) |
Contents:
10 species, of which 8 (80.0%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0%  100%
Remarks:
Previously included in
Trimeresurus (e.g., McDiarmid, Campbell & Touré 1999). Revalidated by Malhotra & Thorpe (2004).
Distribution:
SE. Asia, Malay Archipelago.
Reported from:
Brunei,
Indonesia
(Bangka,
Batu Islands,
Kalimantan,
Nias,
Siberut,
Simeulue,
Sipura,
Sumatra),
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia),
Philippines
(Agutayan,
Babuyan Islands
[Babuyan Claro,
Calayan,
Camiguin Norte,
Dalupiri],
Balabac,
Balete,
Batan Islands
[Batan,
Sabtang],
Biliran,
Bohol,
Camiguin Sur,
Catanduanes,
Dinagat,
Leyte,
Luzon,
Mindanao,
Mindoro,
Negros,
Palawan,
Panay,
Polillo,
Siquijor,
Sulu Islands
[Jolo]),
Singapore,
Thailand.
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Parias calamitas
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Nias Pitviper
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Nias-Bambusotter
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Nias-træhugorm
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2022 | |
Trimeresurus calamitas Vogel, David & Sidik |
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Parias calamitas Midtgaard 2022 (this website) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of hageni.
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Nias).
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Parias flavomaculatus
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Yellow-spotted Pitviper, (Philippine Pitviper, Philippine Habu)
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Philippinen-Bambusotter
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Gulplettet Træhugorm
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1842 | |
Megaera flavomaculata Gray |
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Parias flavomaculatus Gray 1849 |
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Trimeresurus flavomaculatus Günther 1879 |
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Lachesis flavomaculatus Boulenger 1896 |
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1842 | |
Megaera ornata Gray (Golay & al. 1993) |
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Parias ornata Gray 1849 |
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1842 | |
Megaera variegata Gray (Golay & al. 1993) |
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Parias variegata Gray 1849 |
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1885 | |
Trimeresurus schadenbergi Fischer (Golay & al. 1993) |
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1910 | |
Trimeresurus halieus Griffin (Gumprecht 2001, 2002) |
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Trimeresurus flavomaculatus halieus Leviton 1961 |
Other common names:
halieus: Polillo Pitviper
Remarks:
Previously included mcgregori (see remarks under that species).
Leviton, Siler, Weinell & Brown (2018) did not include Bohol in the distribution of the species.
Distribution:
Philippines
(Agutayan,
Babuyan Islands
[Babuyan Claro,
Calayan,
Camiguin Norte,
Dalupiri],
Balete,
Biliran,
Bohol,
Camiguin Sur,
Catanduanes,
Dinagat,
Leyte,
Luzon,
Mindanao,
Mindoro,
Negros,
Panay,
Polillo,
Siquijor,
Sulu Islands
[Jolo]).
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Parias gunaleni
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Green-eyed Sumatran Pitviper, (Gunalen's Pitviper)
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Grünaugen-Sumatra-Bambusotter
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Grønøjet Sumatra-træhugorm
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2014 | |
Trimeresurus gunaleni Vogel, David & Sidik |
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Sumatra).
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Parias hageni
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Bangka Green Pitviper, (Hagen's Pitviper, Hagen's Green Pitviper)
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Bangka-Bambusotter, (Hagens Bambusotter)
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Bangka-træhugorm
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1886 | |
Bothrops Hageni Lidth de Jeude |
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Trimeresurus hageni Brongersma 1933 |
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Parias hageni Malhotra & Thorpe 2004 |
Remarks:
Previously included the populations now assigned to calamitas, kirscheyi, and whitteni.
This species has often been confused with sumatranus and possibly malcolmi in the literature (Iskandar & Colijn 2001; Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004).
Records of sumatranus from the Indonesian islands of Bangka, Belitung, Nias, Simeulue, and some islands in the Mentawai Archipelago, are now referred to the hageni group
(Vogel, David & Sidik 2014).
Possibly also present in Sipora from where Boulenger (1894) and Dring, McCarthy & Whitten (1990) reported a pitviper under the name Trimeresurus sumatranus.
Two specimens from Batu Island bears some similarities with whitteni, but their taxonomic status remain unresolved.
Present in the past, but not confirmed recently from Singapore (Baker & Lim 2008).
A record from Borneo (Soedjito 1996) may refer to a misidentified malcolmi (Iskandar & Colijn 2001).
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Bangka,
Sumatra),
Malaysia
(West Malaysia),
Singapore,
Thailand.
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Parias hageni
© Rune Midtgaard
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Parias kirscheyi
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Simeulue Pitviper
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Simeulue-Bambusotter
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Simeulue-træhugorm
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2022 | |
Trimeresurus kirscheyi Vogel, David & Sidik |
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Parias kirscheyi Midtgaard 2022 (this website) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of hageni.
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Simeulue).
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Parias malcolmi
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Mount Kinabalu Pitviper, (Malcolm’s Pitviper)
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Kinabalu-Bambusotter, (Malcolms Bambusotter)
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Kinabalu-træhugorm
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1938 | |
Trimeresurus sumatranus malcolmi Loveridge |
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Trimeresurus malcolmi Stuebing & Inger 1998 |
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Parias malcolmi Malhotra & Thorpe 2004 |
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Kalimantan),
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak).
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Parias mcgregori
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Batan Islands Pitviper, (McGregor’s Pitviper)
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Batanes-Bambusotter
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Batan-træhugorm
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1919 | |
Trimeresurus mcgregori Taylor |
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Trimeresurus flavomaculatus mcgregori Leviton 1961 |
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Parias flavomaculatus mcgregori Malhotra & Thorpe 2004b |
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Parias mcgregori Malhotra & Thorpe 2004b |
Remarks:
Validity of mcgregori as a distinct species has been questioned (e.g., Vogel 2006; David 2007).
It is treated herein as a valid species, following several recent publications
(e.g., Gumprecht 2001; David, Vogel & Dubois 2011; Oliveiros, Ota, Crombie & Brown 2011; David & Vogel in Visser 2015).
Malhotra & Thorpe (2004b) listed mcgregori both as a subspecies of flavomaculatus and as a separate species, but stated that the two forms
are "likely to prove to be distinct species".
A record from Calayan (Babuyan Islands) is regarded as a misidentification, pending further studies (Oliveiros, Ota, Crombie & Brown 2011).
Leviton, Siler, Weinell & Brown (2018) did not include Sabtang (Batan Islands) in the distribution of the species.
Distribution:
Philippines
(Batan Islands
[Batan,
Sabtang]).
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Parias schultzei
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Palawan Pitviper, (Schultze's Pitviper)
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Palawan-Bambusotter, (Schultzes Bambusotter)
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Palawan-træhugorm
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1909 | |
Trimeresurus schultzei Griffin |
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Parias schultzei Malhotra & Thorpe 2004 |
Distribution:
Philippines
(Balabac,
Palawan).
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Parias sumatranus
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Grey-eyed Sumatran Pitviper, Grey-tailed Green Pitviper, (Sumatran Pitviper)
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Grauaugen-Sumatra-Bambusotter
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Gråøjet Sumatra-træhugorm
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1822 | |
Coluber sumatranus Raffles |
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Coluber sumatrensis Boie 1826 [unjustified emendation] |
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Trimeresurus sumatranus Gray 1842 |
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Trigonocephalus sumatranus Cantor 1847 |
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Bothrops sumatranus Lidth de Jeude 1886 |
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Lachesis sumatranus Boulenger 1896 |
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Parias sumatranus Malhotra & Thorpe 2004 |
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1844 | |
Trigonocephalus formosus Schlegel in Müller & Schlegel (Golay & al. 1993) |
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Trimeresurus formosus Gray 1849 |
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Bothrops formosus Jan 1863 |
Remarks:
Previously included malcolmi and the population now known as gunaleni. This species has often been confused with hageni in the literature (Dring, McCarthy & Whitten 1990; Gumprecht, Tillack, Orlov, Captain & Ryabov 2004); the range of sumatranus in Sumatra is wider than indicated in Sanders & al. (2004) but the records from the Indonesian islands of Bangka, Belitung, Nias, Simeulue, and the Mentawai Archipelago, are now referred to the hageni group (Vogel, David & Sidik 2014). Presence in Singapore needs confirmation (Lim & Lim 1992).
Distribution:
Brunei,
Indonesia
(Kalimantan,
Sumatra),
Malaysia
(Sabah,
Sarawak,
West Malaysia),
Thailand.
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Parias sumatranus
© Rune Midtgaard
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Parias whitteni
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Siberut Pitviper
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Siberut-Bambusotter
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Siberut-træhugorm
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2022 | |
Trimeresurus whitteni Vogel, David & Sidik |
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Parias hageni Midtgaard 2022 (this website) |
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a population of hageni.
Remarks:
Possibly also present in Sipora from where Dring & al. (1990) reported a pitviper under the name Trimeresurus sumatranus.
Two specimens from Batu Island bears some similarities with whitteni, but their taxonomic status remain unresolved.
Distribution:
Indonesia
(Siberut).
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