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Taxonomy of the genus Sphenomorphus Biodiversity of the family Scincidae

Bibliography of the genus
Sphenomorphus (Indo-Pacific Forest Skinks)

(Reptilia: Sauria: Scincidae)

Note: In order to limit redundancy, relevant literature indexed in the related bibliographies in the left column may not have been included in this page. For a comprehensive search of literature, these bibliographies should therefore also be consulted.


Sphenomorphus in general

Allison, A.; Bigilale, I.H. 2001. The herpetofauna of southern New Ireland. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 21: 50-60, 90-91.

Brown, R.M.; McGuire, J.A.; Ferner, J.W.; Alcala, A.C. 1999. New species of diminutive scincid lizard (Squamata; Lygosominae: Sphenomorphus) from Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Copeia 1999(2): 362-370.

Copland, S.J. 1950. Nomenclature and type specimens of two species of Sphenomorphus (Sauria: Scincidae). Copeia 1950(1): 57.

Gonzalez, J.C.T.; Dans, A.T.L. 1994. Microhabitats of endemic diminutive frogs and skinks in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Luzon, Philippines. Asia Life Sciences 3(2): 227-243.

Greer, A.E. 1974. The generic relationships of the scincid lizard genus Leiolopisma and its relatives. Australian Journal of Zoology (Supplementary Series) 31: 1-67.

Greer, A.E. 1977. The systematics and evolutionary relationships of the scincid lizard genus Lygosoma. Journal of Natural History 11(5): 515-540.

Grismer, L.L. 2009. New skinks in Peninsular Malaysia: the storm continues. Malaysian Naturalist 62(4): 13-16.

Grismer, L.L.; Muin, M.A.; Wood, P.L.; Anuar, S.; Linkem, C.W. 2016. The transfer of two clades of Malaysian Sphenomorphus Fitzinger (Squamata: Scincidae) into the genus Tytthoscincus Linkem, Diesmos, & Brown and the description of a new Malaysian swamp-dwelling species. Zootaxa 4092(2): 231-242.

Honda, M.; Ota, H.; Köhler, G.; Ineich, I.; Chirio, L.; Chen, S.L.; Hikida, T. 2003. Phylogeny of the lizard subfamily Lygosominae (Reptilia: Scincidae), with special reference to the origin of the New World taxa. Genes and Genetic Systems 78(1): 71-80.

Huang, W.S. 2010. Ecology and reproductive characteristics of the skink Sphenomorphus incognitus on an East Asian Island, with comments on variations in clutch size with reproductive modes in Sphenomorphus. Zoological Studies 49(6): 779-788.

Linkem, C.W.; Diesmos, A.C.; Brown, R.M. 2011. Molecular systematics of the Philippine forest skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Sphenomorphus): testing morphological hypotheses of interspecific relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163(4): 1217-1243.

Linkem, C.W.; Hesed, K.M.; Diesmos, A.C.; Brown, R.M. 2010. Species boundaries and cryptic lineage diversity in a Philippine forest skink complex (Reptilia; Squamata; Scincidae: Lygosominae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(2): 572-585.

Reeder, T.W. 2003. A phylogeny of the Australian Sphenomorphus group (Scincidae: Squamata) and the phylogenetic placement of the Crocodile Skinks (Tribolonotus): Bayesian approaches to assessing congruence and obtaining confidence in maximum likelihood inferred relationships. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27(3): 384-397.

Shea, G.M.; Greer, A.E. 2002. From Sphenomorphus to Lipinia: generic reassignment of two poorly known New Guinea skinks. Journal of Herpetology 36(2): 148-156.

Storr, G.M. 1967. The genus Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia, Scinidae) in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Journal Proc. R. Soc. West. Aust. 50: 10-20.

Uyeda, L.; Entang, I. 2014. Juvenile Varanus salvator predation on a Common Skink (Sphenomorphus sp.). Biawak 8(2): 64-65.

Welch, K.R.G. 1982. Herpetology of the Old World. 2. Preliminary comments on the classification of skinks (family Scincidae) with specific reference to those genera found in Africa, Europe and southwest Asia. Herptile 7(4): 25-27.

Worrell, E. 1961. Herpetological name changes. Western Australian Naturalist 8: 18-27.

Sphenomorphus amabilis

Malkmus, R. 1993. Bemerkungen zu einer kleinen Sammlung von Amphibien und Reptilien aus Nordost-Sulawesi. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 69(1): 175-184.

Sphenomorphus anotus

Greer, A.E. 1973. Two new lygosomine skinks from New Guinea with comments on the loss of the external ear in lygosomines and observations on previously described species. Breviora 406: 1-25.

Sphenomorphus apalpebratus

Datta-Roy, A.; Das, I.; Bauer, A.M.; Tron, R.K.L.; Karanth, P. 2013. Lizard wears shades. A spectacled Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae), from the sacred forests of Mawphlang, Meghalaya, North-east India. Zootaxa 3701(2): 257-276.

Sphenomorphus brunneus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus buenloicus

Darevsky, I.S.; Nguyen, V.S. 1983. [New and little known lizard species from Vietnam]. (In Russian, English summary). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 62(12): 1827-1837.

Sphenomorphus buettikoferi

Lidth de Jeude, T.W. van 1905. Zoological results of the Dutch scientific expedition to central Borneo. The reptiles. Part I. Lizards. Notes Leyden Museum 25(16): 187-202.

Sphenomorphus cameronicus

Smith, M.A. 1924. Two lizards and a new tree-frog from the Malay Peninsula. Journal Fed. Malay States Mus. Kuala Lumpur 11: 183-186.

Sphenomorphus capitholythos

Shea, G.M.; Michels, J.P. 2008. A replacement name for Sphenomorphus keiensis (Kopstein, 1926) from the southeastern Moluccas, Indonesia (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) with a redescription of the species. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 82(42-53): 737-747.

Sphenomorphus celebense

Ahl, E. 1933. Ergebnisse der Celebes und Halmahera Expedition Heinrich 1930-32. 1. Reptilien und Amphibien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 19: 577-583.

Sphenomorphus cinereus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus concinnatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1967. A second skink with fragmented head scales from Bougainville, Solomon Islands. Breviora 279: 1-12.

Mertens, R. 1924. Herpetologische Mitteilungen. Senckenbergiana 6: 177-185.

Sphenomorphus courcyanus

Chen, S.H.; Lue, K.Y. 1987. A new species of skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis from Taiwan (Sauria: Scincidae). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 26(2): 115-121.

Sphenomorphus cranei

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus crassa

Inger, R.F.; Tan, F.L.; Lakim, M.; Yambun, P. 2001. New species of the lizard genus Sphenomorphus, (Lacertilia: Scincidae), with notes on ecological and geographic distribution of species in Sabah, Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49(2): 181-189.

Sphenomorphus cryptotis

Darevsky, I.S.; Orlov, N.L.; Ho, T.C. 2004. Two new lygosomine skinks of the genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Sauria, Scincidae) from northern Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology 11(2): 111-120.

Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus

Denzer, W. 1996. Reptilien und Amphibien der Santubong Halbinsel, Sarawak, Borneo. Sauria (Berlin) 18(4): 35-42.

Goldberg, S.R. 2016. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus cyanolaemus (Blue-headed Forest Skink). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 47(3): 469-470.

Inger, R.F.; Hosmer, W. 1965. New species of scincid lizards of the genus Sphenomorphus from Sarawak. Israel Journal of Zoology 14: 134-140.

Sphenomorphus darlingtoni

Loveridge, A. 1933. New scincid lizards of the genera Sphenomorphus, Rhodona and Lygosoma from Australia. Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History 8: 95-100.

Loveridge, A. 1945. New scincid lizards of the genera Tropidophorus and Lygosoma from New Guinea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 58: 47-52.

Sphenomorphus dekkerae

Shea, G.M. 2017. A new species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Doberai Peninsula of New Guinea, with a redescription of Sphenomorphus consobrinus (Peters et Doria, 1878). pp. 35-47. In: Telnov, D./ Barclay, M.V.L. & Pauwels, O.S.G. (eds.). Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. Vol. 3. Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga. 830 pp.

Sphenomorphus diwata

Brown, R.M.; Ferner, J.W.; Ruedas, L.A. 1995. A new species of lygosomine lizard (Reptilia: Lacertilia: Scincidae; Sphenomorphus) from Mt. Isarog, Luzon Island, Philippines. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 108(1): 18-28.

Brown, W.C.; Rabor, D.S. 1967. A new sphenomorphid lizard (Scincidae) from the Philippine Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 80: 69-72.

Sphenomorphus dussumieri

Swamy, A.V.V.S.; Kameswara Rao, K.; Rao, M.V.S. 1999. A contribution to the ecology of scincids (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria) in the Eastern Ghats of Visakhapatnam region. Journal of Nature Conservation 11(1): 5-14.

Sphenomorphus fasciatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sison, R.; Gonzales, P.C.; Ferner, J.W. 1995. New island records from Panay, Philippines. Herpetological Review 26(1): 48-49.

Sphenomorphus forbesii

Greer, A.E. 1973. Two new lygosomine skinks from New Guinea with comments on the loss of the external ear in lygosomines and observations on previously described species. Breviora 406: 1-25.

Sphenomorphus fragilis

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1979. On the identity of the New Guinea scincid lizard Lygosoma fragile Macleay 1877 with notes on its natural history. Journal of Herpetology 13(3): 221-225.

Guillette, L.J. 1992. Morphology of the reproductive tract in a lizard exhibiting incipient viviparity (Sphenomorphus fragilis) and its implications for the evolution of the reptilian placenta. Journal of Morphology 212(2): 163-173.

Sphenomorphus fragosus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1967. A second skink with fragmented head scales from Bougainville, Solomon Islands. Breviora 279: 1-12.

Sphenomorphus fuscolineatus

Greer, A.E.; Shea, G. 2004. A new character within the taxonomically difficult Sphenomorphus group of lygosomine skinks, with a description of a new species from New Guinea. Journal of Herpetology 38(1): 79-87.

Sphenomorphus grandisonae

Taylor, E.H. 1962. New Oriental reptiles. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 43: 209-263.

Sphenomorphus granulatus

Goldberg, S.R.; Kraus, F. 2008. Notes on reproduction in three species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea. Herpetological Bulletin 104: 33-36.

Sphenomorphus helenae

Chen, S.H.; Lue, K.Y. 1987. A new species of skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis from Taiwan (Sauria: Scincidae). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 26(2): 115-121.

Cochran, D.M. 1927. New reptiles and batrachians collected by Dr. Hugh M. Smith in Siam. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 40: 179-192.

Sphenomorphus haasi

Inger, R.F.; Hosmer, W. 1965. New species of scincid lizards of the genus Sphenomorphus from Sarawak. Israel Journal of Zoology 14: 134-140.

Sphenomorphus incognitus

Anonymous. 2014. [Sphenomorphus incognitus firstly found in Anhui Province, China]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 49(4): 609-612.

Chen, S.H.; Lue, K.Y. 1987. A new species of skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis from Taiwan (Sauria: Scincidae). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 26(2): 115-121.

Deng, X.; Ye, Y. 1996. [Faunal analysis and survey on lizard in Hunan Province]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 15(1): 15-18.

Deng, X.; Yiyun, Y. 1997. [Eight new record of lizard in Hunan Province]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 32(6): 39-41.

Huang, S.P.; Hsu, Y.; Tu, M.C. 2006. Thermal tolerance and altitudinal distribution of two Sphenomorphus lizards in Taiwan. Journal of Thermal Biology 31(5): 378-385.

Huang, W.S. 2010. Ecology and reproductive characteristics of the skink Sphenomorphus incognitus on an East Asian Island, with comments on variations in clutch size with reproductive modes in Sphenomorphus. Zoological Studies 49(6): 779-788.

Ma, L.; Pei, J.; Zhou, C.; Du, Y.; Ji, X.; Shen, W. 2018. Sexual dimorphism, female reproductive characteristics and egg incubation in an oviparous forest skink (Sphenomorphus incognitus) from South China. Asian Herpetological Research 9(2): 119-128.

Nguyen, Q.T.; Tran, T.T.; Nguyen, T.T.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2012. First record of Sphenomorphus incognitus (Thompson, 1912) (Squamata: Scincidae) from Vietnam with some notes on natural history. Asian Herpetological Research 3(2): 147-150.

Ota, H.; Lue, K.Y. 1994. Karyotypes of two lygosomine skinks of the genus Sphenomorphus from Taiwan. Journal of Herpetology 28(2): 253-255.

Tseng, H.Y.; Huang, W.S. 2012. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus incognitus (Brown Forest Skink). Parental care. Herpetological Review 43(1): 141.

Sphenomorphus indicus

Bringsøe, H. 2007. Mine oplevelser med uanselige vandlevende øgler i Fransk Guyana, Kina, Malaysia og Costa Rica. [My experiences with aquatic lizards in French Guiana, China, Malaysia, and Costa Rica]. (In Danish, English summary). Nordisk Herpetologisk Forening 50(4): 98-114.

Chen, H.C.; Lin, S.M. 2016. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus indicus (Indian Forest Skink). Predation. Herpetological Review 47(2): 304.

Chen, S.H.; Lue, K.Y. 1987. A new species of skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis from Taiwan (Sauria: Scincidae). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 26(2): 115-121.

Chen, X.; Zhao, E.M. 2007. [Research on lepidosis variation of Sphenomorphus indicus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Sichuan Journal of Zoology 26(2): 392-394.

Ding, G.H.; Wang, J.; Fu, T.B.; Zhou, Z.S.; Lin, L.H.; Ji, X. 2010. [Within population variation in locomotor performance in Sphenomorphus indicus induced by two external factors. pp. 243-249]. (In Chinese). In: Ji, X. Herpetologica Sinica 12. Chinese Scientific Books, Beijing. 409 pp.

Du, W.G.; Shou, L.; Shen, J.Y. 2006. Habitat selection in two sympatric Chinese skinks, Eumeces elegans and Sphenomorphus indicus: do thermal preferences matter? Canadian Journal of Zoology 84(9): 1300-1306.

Du, W.G.; Xie, X. 2005. [Factors affecting escape behavior of Sphenomorphus indicus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Shengtaixue Zazhi 24(4): 461-463.

Harit, D.N. 2009. Chelonians and lizards in Champhai district of Mizoram State, North East India. Journal of Experimental Zoology India 12(2): 289-296.

Huang, W. 1996. Reproductive cycles and sexual dimorphism in the viviparous skink, Sphenomorphus indicus (Sauria: Scincidae), from Wushe, central Taiwan. Zoological Studies 35(1): 55-61.

Ji, X.; Du, W.G. 2000. [Sexual dimorphism in body size and head size and female reproduction in a viviparous skink, Sphenomorphus indicus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 21(5): 349-354.

Ji, X.; Lin, L.H.; Luo, L.G.; Lu, H.L.; Gao, J.F.; Han, J. 2006. Gestation temperature affects sexual phenotype, morphology, locomotor performance, and growth of neonatal brown forest skinks, Sphenomorphus indicus. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 88(3): 453-463.

Ji, X.; Sun, P.Y.; Du, W.G. 1997. Selected body temperature, thermal tolerance and food assimilation in a viviparous skink, Sphenomorphus indicus. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 47(1): 103-110.

Khan, M.M.H. 2007. First report of Reeve's Ground Skink Scincella reevesi and Himalayan Litter skink Sphenomorphus indicus from Blangladesh. Zoos' Print Journal 22(1): 2545.

Li, X. 1997. [A primary study on the circadian feeding habits and the characteristics of reproduction of Lygosoma indicum (Scincidae, Lacertilia)]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 32(6): 11-14.

Lin, C.Y.; Huang, W.; Lue, K.Y. 1993. Note on the reproduction of Sphenomorphus indicus Schmidt in Taiwan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Natural Science (Taichung) 4: 191-192.

Lu, H.L.; Ji, X.; Pan, Z.C. 2004. [Influence of feeding on metabolic rate in the brown forest skink, Sphenomorphus indicus]. (In Chinese, English summary). Chinese Journal of Zoology 39(5): 5-8.

Mahony, S.; Ali Reza, A.H.M. 2008. A herpetological collection from the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh, with two new species records for the country. Hamadryad 32(1): 34-45.

Ota, H.; Lue, K.Y. 1994. Karyotypes of two lygosomine skinks of the genus Sphenomorphus from Taiwan. Journal of Herpetology 28(2): 253-255.

Prasad, J. 1959. The skull and temporal region of Lygosoma indicum indicum (Gray). Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress 46(3): 413-414.

Talukdar, S.K.; Sanyal, D.P. 1978. Four new records of reptiles from Mizoram, India. Bulletin of the Zoological Survey of India 1(3): 319-320.

Wall, F. 1908. Vivaprous habit of the common Indian skink (Lygosoma indica). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 18: 505.

Wang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Feeley, K.J.; Jiang, P.; Ding, P. 2009. Life-history traits associated with fragmentation vulnerability of lizards in the Thousand Island Lake, China. Animal Conservation 12(4): 329-337.

Xu, X.F.; Zhang, J.L. 2004. [Thermal dependence of food assimilation in two juvenile skinks, Sphenomorphus indicus and Eumeces elegans]. (In Chinese, English summary). Zoological Research 25(5): 410-414.

Yang, Y.; Gao, Z.; Zhao, E. 1989. Karyotypic studies of Sphenomorphus indicus (Scincidae) and Takydromus septentrionalis (Lacertidae). Chinese Herpetological Research 2(2): 55-59.

Yu, D.L.; Kuang, Y.L. 1988. [Notes on the behaviors of Takydromus formosanus, Eumeces elegans and Sphenomorphus indicus in Ha-pen area of northern Taiwan]. (In Chinese, English summary). Biological Bulletin National Taiwan Normal University 23: 203-219.

Yuan, M.; Zhang, L.; Zheng, J.Z. 2007. [Sexual dimorphism in body size and head size in a viviparous skink (Sphenomorphus indicus) from Guiyang, Guizhou. pp. 69-74]. (In Chinese). In: Ji, X. Herpetologica Sinica 11. China Scientific Book Services, Beijing. 283 pp.

Zhu, Q.P.; Zhu, M.Y.; Hu, Y.C.; Zhang, X.Y.; Ding, G.H.; Lin, Z.H. 2015. Age-related habitat selection by Brown Forest Skinks (Sphenomorphus indicus). Zoological Research 36(1): 29-33.

Ziegler, T.; Tran, T.D.T.A.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Perl, R.G.B.; Wirk, L.; Kulisch, M.; Lehmann, T.; Rauhaus, A.; Nguyen, T.T.; Le, Q.K. 2014. New amphibian and reptile records from Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam. Herpetology Notes 7: 185-201.

Sphenomorphus jobiensis

Donnellan, S.C.; Aplin, K.P. 1989. Resolution of cryptic species in the New Guinea lizard, Sphenomorphus jobiensis (Scincidae) by electrophoresis. Copeia 1989(1): 81-88.

Goldberg, S.R.; Kraus, F. 2008. Notes on reproduction in three species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea. Herpetological Bulletin 104: 33-36.

Inger, R.F. 1961. Notes on two New Guinean lizards of the genus Sphenomorphus. Fieldiana Zoology 39(47): 539-542.

Sphenomorphus kinabaluensis

Bartlett, E. 1895. The crocodiles and lizards of Borneo in the Sarawak Museum, with descriptions of supposed new species, and the variation of colours in the several species during life. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 1895(28): 73-96.

Ota, H.; Hikida, T.; Kon, M.; Hidaka, T. 1989. Unusual nest site of a scincid lizard Sphenomorphus kinabalensis from Sabah, Malaysia. Herpetological Review 20(2): 38-39.

Sphenomorphus leptofasciatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus

Hartmann, T.; Nguyen, Q.T.; Ohler, A.; Chippich, H.; Handschuh, M.; Böhme, W. 2010. Rediscovery of the rare Thai scincid lizard Sphenomorphus lineopunctulatus Taylor, 1962: new country records from Cambodia and Laos and a redescription. Russian Journal of Herpetology 17(2): 105-109.

Taylor, E.H. 1962. New Oriental reptiles. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 43: 209-263.

Sphenomorphus longicaudatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus maculatus

Gairdner, K.G. 1915. Notes on the fauna and flora of Ratburi and Petchaburi districts (Part II). Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 1(3): 131-156.

Galoyan, E.A. 2017. Unstable social structure indicates low diversity of relationships in the spotted forest skink Sphenomorphus maculatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 38(3): 381–393.

Goldberg, S.R. 2013. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus maculatus (Spotted Forest Skink). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 44(4): 684-685.

Harit, D.N. 2009. Chelonians and lizards in Champhai district of Mizoram State, North East India. Journal of Experimental Zoology India 12(2): 289-296.

Manthey, U.; Manthey, S. 2017. Amphibians and reptiles encountered in Laos: a travel report. Part 2: Lao Pako & Luang Namtha with a detour to Xishuangbanna, China (Feb./March 2003). Sauria (Berlin) 39(3): 3-24.

Manthey, U.; Manthey, S. 2017. Amphibien und Reptilien von Laos – ein Reisebericht Teil 3: Die Provinz Champasak im Süden (März 2006). Sauria (Berlin) 39(4): 3-18.

Purkayastha, J.; Das, M. 2010. Sphenomorphus maculatus (Sauria: Scincidae): a case of death-feigning. Herpetology Notes 3: 285-287.

Shea, G.; Greer, A.E. 1998. Sphenomorphus melanochlorus (Vogt, 1932), a junior synonym of Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853). Journal of Herpetology 32(2): 292-294.

Sichuan Biological Research Institute, Herpetological Department 1977. [A survey of reptiles in Xizang autonomous region, with faunal analysis and descriptions of new forms]. (In Chinese). Acta Zoologica Sinica 23(1): 64-71.

Yamasaki, T.; Hikida, T.; Nabhitabhata, J.; Panha, S.; Ota, H. 2001. Geographic variations in the common skink Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853) in Thailand, with re-validation of Lygosoma mitanense Annandale, 1905 as its subspecies. Natural History Journal of Chulalongkorn University 1(1): 23-31.

Yang, J.H.; Wang, H.; Ma, X.X.; Wang, Y. 2009. [New distribution records of Sphenomorphus maculatus and additional description of the species]. (In Chinese). Chinese Journal of Zoology 44(6): 156-159.

Sphenomorphus maculicollus

Bacon, J.P. 1967. Systematic status of three scincid lizards (genus Sphenomorphus) from Borneo. Fieldiana Zoology 51: 63-76.

Sphenomorphus malayanus

Grismer, L.L.; Quah, E.S.H. 2015. The rediscovery of Sphenomorphus malayanus Doria, 1888 (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range of Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as S. senja sp. nov. Zootaxa 3931(1): 63-70.

Smith, M.A. 1924. Two lizards and a new tree-frog from the Malay Peninsula. Journal Fed. Malay States Mus. Kuala Lumpur 11: 183-186.

Sphenomorphus melanopogon

Brongersma, L.D. 1934. Contributions to Indo-Australian herpetology. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 17: 161-251.

Kopstein, F. 1927. Über einen Fall von Polymorphismus bei der Scincidengattung Lygosoma. Treubia 14(4): 371-375.

Shea, G.M. 2012. On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Dumeril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus. Zootaxa 3490: 1-29.

Sphenomorphus meyeri

Shea, G.M. 2012. On the identity of the type species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae): Lygosoma melanopogon Dumeril and Bibron 1839, with a note on a new scalation character of the pes in Sphenomorphus. Zootaxa 3490: 1-29.

Sphenomorphus microtympanus

Greer, A.E. 1973. Two new lygosomine skinks from New Guinea with comments on the loss of the external ear in lygosomines and observations on previously described species. Breviora 406: 1-25.

Sphenomorphus mimicus

Nguyen, Q.T.; Schmitz, A.; Nguyen, T.T.; Orlov, N.L.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2011. Review of the genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Sauria: Scincidae) in Vietnam, with description of a new species from northern Vietnam and southern China and the first record of Sphenomorphus mimicus Taylor, 1962 from Vietnam. Journal of Herpetology 45(2): 145-154.

Taylor, E.H. 1962. New Oriental reptiles. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 43: 209-263.

Sphenomorphus minutus

Goldberg, S.R.; Kraus, F. 2008. Notes on reproduction in three species of Sphenomorphus (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea. Herpetological Bulletin 104: 33-36.

Shea, G.; Greer, A.E. 1999. The identity of two little-known skinks from New Guinea, Sphenomorphus wirzi (Roux, 1919) and Sphenomorphus comtus (Roux 1927). Journal of Herpetology 33(3): 507-511.

Sphenomorphus muelleri

Loveridge, A. 1933. New scincid lizards of the genera Sphenomorphus, Rhodona and Lygosoma from Australia. Occasional Papers Boston Society of Natural History 8: 95-100.

Shea, G. 1991. The identity of Lygosoma (Rhodona) goerlingi Ahl, 1935 (Squamata: Scincidae). Records of the Western Australian Museum 15(1): 303-306.

Sphenomorphus multisquamatus

Goldberg, S.R. 2015. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus multisquamatus. Reproduction. Herpetological Review 46(3): 438-439.

Inger, R.F. 1958. Three new skinks related to Sphenomorphus variegatus (Peters). Fieldiana Zoology 39(24): 257-268.

Sphenomorphus nigrolineatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus oligolepis

Greer, A.E. 1973. Two new lygosomine skinks from New Guinea with comments on the loss of the external ear in lygosomines and observations on previously described species. Breviora 406: 1-25.

Mecke, S.; Kieckbusch, M.; O'Shea, M.; Kaiser, H. 2016. First record of the poorly known skink Sphenomorphus oligolepis (Boulenger, 1914) (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from Seram Island, Maluku Province, Indonesia. Asian Herpetological Research 7(1): 64-68.

Sphenomorphus orientale

Shreve, B. 1940. Reptiles and ampbibians from Burma with descriptions of three new skinks. Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club 18: 17-26.

Sphenomorphus praesignis

Goldberg, S.R.; Grismer, L.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus praesignus (Blotched Forest Skink). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(1): 135.

Grossmann, W. 2006. Sphenomorphus praesignis (Boulenger, 1900) - Der Larut-Waldskink im Biotop und im Terrarium (Squamata: Scincomorpha: Scincidae). Sauria (Berlin) 28(3): 33-49.

Sumarli, A.X.; Grismer, L.L. 2016. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus praesignis (Blotched Forest Skink). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 47(4): 674-675.

Sphenomorphus puncticentralis

Iskandar, D. 1994. New scincid lizard of the genus Spenomorphus [Sphenomorphus] (Reptilia, Scincidae), from Java. Treubia 31(1): 25-30.

Sphenomorphus sabanus

Goldberg, S.R. 2015. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus sabanus (Sabah Slender Skink). Rreproduction. Herpetological Review 46(4): 635.

Inger, R.F. 1958. Three new skinks related to Sphenomorphus variegatus (Peters). Fieldiana Zoology 39(24): 257-268.

Schmitz, A.; Auliya, M. 2001. An unusual escape reaction observed in Sphenomorphus sabanus (Reptilia: Scincidae) in Indonesia, with taxonomic comments. Herpetological Bulletin 76: 21-25.

Sphenomorphus sanctus

Kopstein, F. 1935. Termitophilie bei javanischen Reptilien. Ent. Med. Ned.-Indië 1: 54-56.

Sphenomorphus schlegeli

Darevsky, I.S. 1964. New species of scincoid lizards from the islands of Lesser Sundas Archipelago (East Indonesia). Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 43: 80-88.

Sphenomorphus schultzei

Greer, A.E. 1973. Two new lygosomine skinks from New Guinea with comments on the loss of the external ear in lygosomines and observations on previously described species. Breviora 406: 1-25.

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Sphenomorphus scotophilus

Goldberg, S.R.; Grismer, L.L. 2014. Natural history notes: Sphenomorphus scotophilus (Spotted Forest Skink). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 45(3): 508.

McClure, H.E. 1965. Microcosms of Batu Caves. Malayan Nature Journal 19: 65-74.

Sphenomorphus scutatus

Peters, W.C.H. 1867. Über Flederthiere (Pteropus gouldii, Rhinolophus deckenii, Vespertilio lobipes, Vesperugo temminckii) und Amphibien (Hypsilurus godeffroyi, Lygosoma scutatum, Stenostoma narisostre, Onychocephalus unguirostris, Ahaetulla poylepis,..... Monatsberichte der Königlich Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1867(November): 703-712.

Sphenomorphus senja

Grismer, L.L.; Quah, E.S.H. 2015. The rediscovery of Sphenomorphus malayanus Doria, 1888 (Squamata: Scincidae) from the Titiwangsa Mountain Range of Peninsular Malaysia and its re-description as S. senja sp. nov. Zootaxa 3931(1): 63-70.

Sphenomorphus sheai

Nguyen, T.Q.; Nguyen, K.V.; Devender, R.W. van; Bonkowski, M.; Ziegler, T. 2013. A new species of Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Sauria: Scincidae) from Vietnam. Zootaxa 3734(1): 56-62.

Sphenomorphus shelfordi

Boulenger, G.A. 1900. Descriptions of new reptiles and batrachians from Borneo. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 182-187.

Sphenomorphus simus

Inger, R.F. 1958. Three new skinks related to Sphenomorphus variegatus (Peters). Fieldiana Zoology 39(24): 257-268.

Inger, R.F. 1961. Notes on two New Guinean lizards of the genus Sphenomorphus. Fieldiana Zoology 39(47): 539-542.

Shea, G.; Greer, A.E. 1999. Two senior synonyms and a name change for the New Guinea skink Sphenomorphus stickeli (Loveridge, 1948). Journal of Herpetology 33(1): 136-141.

Shea, G.M. 2017. The identity of Lygosoma (Hinulia) misolense Vogt, 1928 (Squamata: Scincidae). pp. 21-26. In: Telnov, D./ Barclay, M.V.L. & Pauwels, O.S.G. (eds.). Biodiversity, Biogeography and Nature Conservation in Wallacea and New Guinea. Vol. 3. Entomological Society of Latvia, Riga. 830 pp.

Tanner, V.M. 1952. Pacific islands herpetology. 6. Tahiti and Marquesas Islands, New Guinea and Australia. Great Basin Naturalist 12: 1-12.

Sphenomorphus solomonis

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Tanner, V.M. 1952. Pacific islands herpetology. 6. Tahiti and Marquesas Islands, New Guinea and Australia. Great Basin Naturalist 12: 1-12.

Werner, F. 1914. Neue oder seltene Reptilien und Frösche des Naturhistorischen Museums in Hamburg. Hamburg Jahrb. wiss. Anst. 30(2): 1-51.

Sphenomorphus striatopunctatus

Ahl, E. 1925. Herpetologische Notizen. Zoologischer Anzeiger 65: 18-20.

Boulenger, G.A. 1907. Description of a new lizard of the genus Lygosoma from Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica 4(16): 173.

Sphenomorphus sungaicolus

Sumarli, A.X.; Grismer, L.L.; Wood, P.L.; Ahmad, A.B.; Rizal, S.; Ismail, L.H.; Izam, N.A.M.; Norhayati, A.; Linkem, C.W. 2016. The first riparian skink (Genus: Sphenomorphus Strauch, 1887) from Peninsular Malaysia and its relationship to other Indochinese and Sundaic species. Zootaxa 4173(1): 29-44.

Sphenomorphus taiwanensis

Chen, S.H.; Lue, K.Y. 1987. A new species of skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis from Taiwan (Sauria: Scincidae). Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology Academia Sinica (Taipei) 26(2): 115-121.

Chou, W.H.; Lin, J.Y. 1992. Note on the reproduction of the skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis from Taiwan. Journal of Taiwan Museum 45(2): 1-3.

Huang, S.P.; Hsu, Y.; Tu, M.C. 2006. Thermal tolerance and altitudinal distribution of two Sphenomorphus lizards in Taiwan. Journal of Thermal Biology 31(5): 378-385.

Huang, S.P.; Shiau, T.W.; Tu, M.C. 2005. [Population size and habitat use of the Taiwan alpine skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis, at Tatachia area in the central mountain range, Taiwan]. (In Chinese, English summary). Bioformosa 40(2): 68-75.

Huang, W. 1997. Reproductive cycle of the skink, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis, in central Taiwan. Journal of Herpetology 31(2): 287-290.

Huang, W. 1998. Sexual size dimorphism and microhabitat use of two sympatric lizards, Sphenomorphus taiwanensis and Takydromus hsuehshanensis, from the Central Highlands of Taiwan. Zoological Studies 37(4): 302-308.

Sphenomorphus tanahtinggi

Inger, R.F.; Tan, F.L.; Lakim, M.; Yambun, P. 2001. New species of the lizard genus Sphenomorphus, (Lacertilia: Scincidae), with notes on ecological and geographic distribution of species in Sabah, Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49(2): 181-189.

Sphenomorphus tanneri

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1967. A new scincid lizard from the northern Solomon Islands. Breviora 275: 1-20.

Sphenomorphus taylori

Burt, C.E. 1930. Herpetological results of the Whitney South Sea Expedition. IV. Descriptions of new species of lizards from the Pacific Islands (Scincidæ). American Museum Novitates 324: 1-3.

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1967. A second skink with fragmented head scales from Bougainville, Solomon Islands. Breviora 279: 1-12.

Sphenomorphus tenuiculus

Mocquard, F. 1890. Recherches sur la faune herpétologique des îles de Bornéo et de Palawan. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., Paris Ser. 3 2: 115-168. Nouvelles Archives du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Ser. 3) (Paris) 2: 115-168.

Sphenomorphus tersus

Leong, T.M.; Yaakob, N.S.; Das, I. 2002. Geographic distribution: Sphenomorphus tersus. Herpetological Review 33(2): 149.

Smith, M.A. 1916. Descriptions of three new lizards and a new snake from Siam. Journal of the Natural History Society of Siam 2(1): 44-47.

Sphenomorphus tetradactylus

Darevsky, I.S.; Orlov, N.L. 2005. New species of limb-reduced lygosomine skink genus Leptoseps Greer, 1997 (Sauria, Scincidae) from Vietnam. Russian Journal of Herpetology 12(1): 65-68.

Sphenomorphus tonkinensis

Nguyen, Q.T.; Schmitz, A.; Nguyen, T.T.; Orlov, N.L.; Böhme, W.; Ziegler, T. 2011. Review of the genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Sauria: Scincidae) in Vietnam, with description of a new species from northern Vietnam and southern China and the first record of Sphenomorphus mimicus Taylor, 1962 from Vietnam. Journal of Herpetology 45(2): 145-154.

Wang, Y.Y.; Yang, J.; Liu, Y. 2013. New distribution records for Sphenomorphus tonkinensis (Lacertilia: Scincidae) with notes on its variation and diagnostic characters. Asian Herpetological Research 4(2): 147-150.

Sphenomorphus transversus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1971. A new scincid lizard from Bougainville, Solomon Islands. Breviora 364: 1-11.

Sphenomorphus tridigitus

Bourret, R. 1940. Notes herpétologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. XVIII. reptiles et batraciens recus au Laboratoire des Sciences Naturelle de l'Université au cours de l'année 1939. Descriptions de quatre espèces et d'une variété nouvelles. Bulletin General de l'Instruction Publique (Hanoi) 18(4) (annexe): 5-39.

Greer, A.E.; David, P.; Teynie, A. 2006. The southeast Asian scincid lizard Siaphos tridigitus Bourret, 1939 (Reptilia, Scincidae): a second specimen. Zoosystema 28(3): 785-790.

Heatwole, H.; Stuart, B.L. 2008. High densities of a 'rare' skink. Herpetological Review 39(2): 169-170.

Sphenomorphus tritaeniatus

Bourret, R. 1937. Notes herpétologiques sur l'Indochine francaise. XII. Les lezards de la collection du laboratoire des sciences naturelles de l'université. Descriptions de cinq espèces nouvelles. Bulletin General de l'Instruction Publique (Hanoi) 16(9) (annexe): 1-23.

Sphenomorphus undulatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1974. The fasciatus species group of Sphenomorphus (Lacertilia: Scincidae): notes on eight previously described species and descriptions of three new species. Proceedings Papua New Guinea Scient. Soc. 25: 31-61.

Kopstein, F. 1926. Reptilien von den Molukken und den Benachbarten Inseln. Zoologische Mededelingen (Leiden) 9: 71-112.

Sphenomorphus variegatus

Greer, A.E.; Parker, F. 1967. A second skink with fragmented head scales from Bougainville, Solomon Islands. Breviora 279: 1-12.

Inger, R.F. 1958. Three new skinks related to Sphenomorphus variegatus (Peters). Fieldiana Zoology 39(24): 257-268.

Sphenomorphus yersini

Nguyen, S.N.; Nguyen, L.T.; Nguyen, V.D.H.; Orlov, N.L.; Murphy, R.W. 2018. A new skink of the genus Sphenomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Squamata: Scincidae) from Hon Ba Nature Reserve, southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 4438(2): 313–326.

Sphenomorphus zimmeri

Ahl, E. 1933. Ergebnisse der Celebes und Halmahera Expedition Heinrich 1930-32. 1. Reptilien und Amphibien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 19: 577-583.