Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. (www.repfocus.dk). Latest update: December 31st, 2022.
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Genus
Xiphosurus
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Sword-tail Giant Anoles
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Schwertschwanz-Anolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Sværdhaleanoler
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1826 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus Fitzinger (type species: Anolis cuvieri Merrem 1820) |
1843 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus Fitzinger (type species: Anolis cuvieri Merrem 1820; syn. Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012) |
1885 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeleolis Boulenger (type species: Anolis chamaeleonides Dumeril & Bibron 1837; syn. Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012) |
Contents:
14 species, of which 13 (92.9%) are endemic.
Endemism: 0% 100%
Other common names:
Chamaeleolis: Bearded Anoles, Crested Anoles, False Chameleons
Remarks:
Previously regarded as a synonym of
Anolis (e.g., Savage & Guyer 1991). Revalidated by Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage (2012).
Distribution:
Cuba,
(incl.
Isla de la Juventud),
Dominican Republic,
Haiti,
Puerto Rico.
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus agueroi
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Cabo Cruz Bearded Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Cabo-Cruz-Bartanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Cabo Cruz-skæganole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1998 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeleolis agueroi Días, Navarro & Garrido |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis agueroi Powell & Henderson 1999 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus agueroi Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Cuba.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus baleatus
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Dominica Giant Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Dominica-Riesenanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Dominica-kæmpeanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1864 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Eupristis baleatus Cope |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis ricordii baleatus Mertens 1939 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus Schwartz 1974 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication) |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus caeruleolatus Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus caeruleolatus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus fraudator Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus fraudator Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus fraudator Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus litorisilva Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus litorisilva Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus litorisilva Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus multistruppus Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus multistruppus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus multistruppus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus samanae Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus samanae Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus samanae Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus scelestus Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus scelestus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus scelestus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus sublimis Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus sublimis Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus sublimis Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1975 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus altager Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus altager Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
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Xiphosurus baleatus altager Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1978 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis baleatus lineatacervix Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus baleatus lineatacervix Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus baleatus lineatacervix Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Introduced to:
Surinam.
Distribution:
Dominican Republic.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus barahonae
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Barahona Giant Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Barahona-Riesenanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Barahona-kæmpeanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1962 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis ricordii barahonae Williams |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis barahonae Schwartz 1974 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus barahonae Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
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Xiphosurus barahonae Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication) |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis barahonae albocellatus Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus barahonae albocellatus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus barahonae albocellatus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1980 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis barahonae ininquinatus Cullom & Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus barahonae ininquinatus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus barahonae iminquinatus [sic] Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1980 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis barahonae mulitus Cullom & Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus barahonae mulitus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus barahonae mulitus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Dominican Republic.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus barbatus
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Western Bearded Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Westlicher Bartanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Vestlig Skæganole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1982 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeleolis barbatus Garrido |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis barbatus Hass, Hedges & Maxson 1993 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus barbatus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Cuba.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus chamaeleonides
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Short-bearded Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Kurzbart-Anolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Kortskægget Anole, Falsk Kamæleon
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1837 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis chamaeleonides Dumeril & Bibron |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeleolis chamaeleontides [sic] Boulenger 1885 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus chamaeleonides Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1838 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeolis fernandina Cocteau (Schwartz & Henderson 1988) |
1843 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Pseudochamaeleon cocteaui Fitzinger (Schwartz & Henderson 1988) |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Cuba
(incl.
Isla de la Juventud).
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus christophei
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Big-fanned Trunk Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Grosskehliger Baumanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Storfanet Træanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1960 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis christophei Williams |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaelinorops christophei Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus christophei Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2014 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Dominican Republic,
Haiti.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus cuvieri
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Puerto Rican Giant Anole, (Giant Green Anole)
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Puertoricanischer Riesenanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Puertoricansk Kæmpeanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1820 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis cuvieri Merrem |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Ctenonotus cuvieri Fitzinger 1843 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus cuvieri Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus cuvieri Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication) |
1829 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis velifer Cuvier (Schwartz & Henderson 1988) |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Remarks:
Records from Vieques (Grant 1932), Tortola in the British Virgin Islands (Reinhardt & Lütken 1863, as velifer) and St. John in the U.S. Virgin Islands (Reinhardt & Lütken 1863, as velifer) refer to roosevelti (Kessler 2009).
Distribution:
Puerto Rico.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus eugenegrahami
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Black Stream Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Schwarzer Wasseranolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Sort Vandanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1978 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis eugenegrahami Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Ctenonotus eugenegrahami Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus eugenegrahami Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Haiti.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus guamuhaya
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Escambray Bearded Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Escambray-Bartanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Escambray-skæganole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1991 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeleolis guamuhaya Garrido, Perez-Beato & Moreno |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis guamuhaya Hass, Hedges & Maxson 1993 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus guamuhaya Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Cuba.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus landestoyi
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Dominican Giant Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Dominicanischer Riesenanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Dominicansk Kæmpeanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
2016 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis landestoyi Mahler, Lambert, Geneva, Ng, Hedges, Losos & Glor |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus landestoyi Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2018 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Remarks:
Not mentioned by Poe, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Torres-Carvajal, Queiroz, Velasco, Truett, Gray, Ryan, Köhler, Ayala-Varela & Latella (2017).
Distribution:
Dominican Republic.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus porcus
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Oriente Bearded Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Oriente-Bartanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Oriente-skæganole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1864 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Chamaeleolis porcus Cope |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis porcus Hass, Hedges & Maxson 1993 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus porcus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Cuba.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus ricordii
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Haitian Giant Anole, Hispaniolan Giant Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Haiti-Riesenanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Haitiansk Kæmpeanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1837 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis ricordii Dumeril & Bibron |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Ctenonotus ricordii Fitzinger 1843 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus ricordi Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus ricordi Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication) |
1965 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis ricordii leberi Williams |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus ricordi leberi Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus ricordii leberi Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis ricordi subsolanus Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus ricordi subsolanus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus ricordii subsolanis [sic] Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
1974 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis ricordi viculus Schwartz |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus ricordi viculus Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus ricordii viculus Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2012 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Distribution:
Dominican Republic,
Haiti.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus roosevelti
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Culebra Island Giant Anole, Virgin Islands Giant Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Culebra-Riesenanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Culebra-kæmpeanole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
1931 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis roosevelti Grant |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Semiurus roosevelti Schwartz & Henderson 1988 |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus roosevelti Savage & Guyer 1991 (by implication) |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Remarks:
Known from only eight specimens, collected in the 19th century.
Presumably extinct on Culebra and probably also in the remainder of the distribution (Perry & Gerber 2006; Kessler 2009; Edgar 2010).
Distribution:
British Virgin Islands,
Puerto Rico
(Culebra,
Vieques),
U.S. Virgin Islands.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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![](DIV/Transparent_50x5.gif)
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Xiphosurus sierramaestrae
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/UK_12v.gif) |
Sierra Maestra Bearded Anole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DE_12v.gif) |
Sierra-Maestra-Bartanolis
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
![](DIV/DK_12v.gif) |
Sierra Maestra-skæganole
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![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
2012 | ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Anolis sierramaestrae Holánová, Rehák & Frynta |
| ![](DIV/Blank_10x5.gif) |
Xiphosurus sierramaestrae Nicholson, Crother, Guyer & Savage 2018 |
![](DIV/Blank_10x3.gif)
Remarks:
Not mentioned by Poe, Nieto-Montes de Oca, Torres-Carvajal, Queiroz, Velasco, Truett, Gray, Ryan, Köhler, Ayala-Varela & Latella (2017).
Distribution:
Cuba.
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![](DIV/Transparent_100x5.gif)
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|