Reptiles of Eswatini  (formerly Swaziland)   Bibliography of the reptiles of Eswatini Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Eswatini Introduced species

Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus

Recent updates

Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Zygaspis (Purple Round-headed Worm Lizards)   Zygaspis arenicola Maputo Round-headed Worm Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Litschka, Koen & Monadjem 2008

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles) Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)   Crocodylus niloticus Nile Crocodile Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons) Genus Acanthocercus (Ridgeback Agamas)   Acanthocercus atricollis Black-necked Ridgeback Agama Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Wagner, Greenbaum, Bauer, Kusamba & Leache 2018 Genus Agama (Typical Agamas)   Agama aculeata Kalahari Spiny Agama Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Agama armata Zambezi Spiny Agama Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Agama atra Southern Rock Agama Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992  Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons) Genus Bradypodion (Southern African Dwarf Chameleons)   Bradypodion transvaalense Transvaal Dwarf Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Glaw 2015 Tilbury 2010 Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)   Chamaeleo dilepis Flap-necked Chameleon Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Chirio & LeBreton 2007 Glaw 2015 Tilbury 2010  Family Cordylidae (Girdled Lizards) Genus Chamaesaura (African Grass Lizards)   Chamaesaura aenea Coppery Grass Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Chamaesaura anguina Southern Highland Grass Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Wermuth 1968   Chamaesaura macrolepis Large-scaled Grass Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Wermuth 1968 Genus Cordylus (Girdled Lizards)   Cordylus jonesii Limpopo Girdled Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Branch 2002   Cordylus vittifer Transvaal Girdled Lizard Bates & Broadley 2012 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Wermuth 1968 Genus Platysaurus (Flat Lizards)   Platysaurus intermedius Common Flat Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley 1978   Platysaurus lebomboensis Lebombo Flat Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Jacobsen 1994 Genus Pseudocordylus (Eastern Crag Lizards)   Pseudocordylus melanotus Common Crag Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Genus Smaug (Dragon Girdled Lizards)   Smaug swazicus Swazi Girdled Lizard Bates & Stanley 2020 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as barbertonensis] Boycott & Culverwell 1992 [as barbertonensis] Branch 1998 [as barbertonensis] Stanley & Bates 2014 [as barbertonensis]   Smaug warreni Lebombo Girdled Lizard Bates & Stanley 2020 Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998  Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos) Genus Afroedura (Flat Geckos)   * Afroedura major Giant Swazi Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014   Afroedura marleyi Zulu Flat Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Jacobsen, Kuhn, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Genus Chondrodactylus (Giant Ground Gecko and Thick-toed Geckos)   Chondrodactylus turneri Zambezi Thick-toed Gecko Boycott & Culverwell 1992 [as Pachydactylus bibronii] Heinz, Brennan, Jackman & Bauer 2021 Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)   Hemidactylus mabouia Cosmopolitan House Gecko Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Homopholis (African Velvet Geckos)   Homopholis wahlbergii Southern African Velvet Gecko Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley, Jackman & Bauer 2014 Loveridge 1947 Genus Lygodactylus (African-Neotropical Dwarf Geckos)   Lygodactylus capensis Cape Dwarf Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Rebelo, Bates, Burger, Branch & Conradie 2019   Lygodactylus ocellatus Common Ocellated Dwarf Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Genus Pachydactylus (Typical Thick-toed Geckos)   Pachydactylus maculatus Spotted Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998   Pachydactylus vansoni Soutpansberg Thick-toed Gecko Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992  Family Gerrhosauridae (Plated Lizards) Genus Broadleysaurus (Rough-scaled Plated Lizard)   Broadleysaurus major Rough-scaled Plated Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Gerrhosaurus (Typical Plated Lizards)   Gerrhosaurus flavigularis Yellow-throated Plated Lizard Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Matobosaurus (Giant Plated Lizards)   Matobosaurus validus Eastern Giant Plated Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Bates, Tolley, Edwards, Davids, Silva & Branch 2013 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Tetradactylus (Plated Snake Lizards)   Tetradactylus africanus African Plated Snake Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998  Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards) Genus Nucras (Sandveld Lizards)   Nucras holubi Southern Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Nucras lalandii Southeastern Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Boycott 1990 Branch 1998   Nucras ornata Ornate Sandveld Lizard Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Acontias (Greater Legless Skinks)   Acontias plumbeus Giant Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley & Greer 1969 Zhao, Verdu-Ricoy, Mohlakoana, Jordaan, Conradie & Heideman 2019   Acontias wakkerstroomensis Wakkerstroom Legless Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as breviceps] Genus Mochlus (African Supple Skinks)   Mochlus sundevallii Common Savanna Supple Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Panaspis (African Snake-eyed Skinks)   Panaspis wahlbergii Savanna Snake-eyed Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Jacobsen & Broadley 2000 Genus Scelotes (Dwarf Burrowing Skinks)   Scelotes bidigittatus Lowveld Dwarf Burrowing Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998   Scelotes mirus Montane Dwarf Burrowing Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley 1994 Heideman, Mulcahy, Sites, Hendricks & Daniels 2011   Scelotes mossambicus Mozambique Dwarf Burrowing Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 [as brevipes] Branch 1998 Broadley 1994 Genus Trachylepis (African-American Grass and Forest Skinks)   Trachylepis capensis Cape Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Trachylepis margaritifer African Rainbow Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Trachylepis punctatissima Montane Speckled Skink Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1977 Broadley 2000   Trachylepis striata Eastern Striped Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1977 Broadley 2000   Trachylepis varia Savanna Variable Skink Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992  Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards) Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)   Varanus albigularis White-throated Monitor Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Varanus niloticus Nile Monitor Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Crotaphopeltis (Herald Snakes)   Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia Common Herald Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Dasypeltis (African Egg Eaters)   Dasypeltis inornata Southern Brown Egg Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983   Dasypeltis scabra Common African Egg Eater Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Gans 1959 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Dipsadoboa (Nocturnal Tree Snakes)   Dipsadoboa aulica Cross-barred Nocturnal Tree Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Rasmussen 1989 Genus Dispholidus (Boomslangs)   Dispholidus viridis Green Boomslang Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as D. typus] Genus Meizodon (African Smooth Snakes)   Meizodon semiornatus Semi-ornate Smooth Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley 1983 Schatti 1985 Genus Philothamnus (African Green Snakes)   Philothamnus hoplogaster Southeastern Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015   Philothamnus natalensis Eastern Natal Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Philothamnus occidentalis Western Natal Green Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Boycott & Culverwell 2015   Philothamnus semivariegatus Variegated Bush Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)   Telescopus semiannulatus Southern Tiger Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Thelotornis (African Vine Snakes)   Thelotornis capensis Southern Vine Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2001 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Aspidelaps (Shield-nosed Cobras)   Aspidelaps scutatus Shield-nosed Coral Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Dendroaspis (Mambas)   Dendroaspis polylepis Black Mamba Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 David & Ineich 1999 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Elapsoidea (African Garter Snakes)   Elapsoidea boulengeri Zambezi Garter Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1998 David & Ineich 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995 [as E. semiannulata]   Elapsoidea sundevallii Southern African Garter Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1971 Broadley 1983 David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Hemachatus (Ring-necked Spitting Cobra)   Hemachatus haemachates Ring-necked Spitting Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1983 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Naja (Typical Cobras)   Naja annulifera African Banded Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Wuster 2004 Broadley 1983 Broadley 1995 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Spawls & Branch 1995 [as N. haje]   Naja mossambica Mozambique Spitting Cobra Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 David & Ineich 1999 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014  Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.) Genus Alopecion (Spotted House Snake)   Alopecion guttatum Spotted House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1983 Genus Amblyodipsas (Purple-glossed Snakes and Quill-snouted Snakes)   Amblyodipsas concolor Natal Purple-glossed Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Boycott 1995 Boycott 2009 Haacke 1982   Amblyodipsas polylepis Common Purple-glossed Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1983 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Aparallactus (African Centipede Eaters)   Aparallactus capensis Cape Centipede Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Aparallactus lunulatus Reticulated Centipede Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)   Atractaspis bibronii Southern Stiletto Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1991 David & Ineich 1999 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Boaedon (Afro-Arabian House Snakes)   Boaedon capensis Brown House Snake Boycott & Culverwell 1992 [as fuliginosus] Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Duberria (African Slug Eaters)   Duberria lutrix Common Slug Eater Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Gracililima (Black File Snake)   Gracililima nyassae Black File Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Hemirhagerrhis (Bark Snakes)   Hemirhagerrhis nototaenia Southeastern Bark Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Broadley & Hughes 2000 Genus Homoroselaps (African Harlequin Snakes)   Homoroselaps dorsalis Striped Harlequin Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1983 Spawls & Branch 1995   Homoroselaps lacteus Spotted Harlequin Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Genus Inyoka (Swazi Rock Snake)   Inyoka swazicus Swazi Rock Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley 1983 Genus Lamprophis (SubSaharan House Snakes)   Lamprophis fuscus Yellow-bellied House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Genus Limaformosa (Venus File Snakes)   Limaformosa capensis Cape File Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Lycodonomorphus (Southern African Water Snakes)   Lycodonomorphus inornatus Olive-brown House Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992   Lycodonomorphus laevissimus Dusky-bellied Water Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Haagner & Branch 1994   Lycodonomorphus obscuriventris Floodplain Water Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1983 Kyle, Alexander & Preez 2021   Lycodonomorphus rufulus Common Brown Water Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Genus Lycophidion (African Wolf Snakes)   Lycophidion capense Cape Wolf Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1976 Broadley 1996 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015   Lycophidion variegatum Variegated Wolf Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1996 Genus Prosymna (Shovel-snout Snakes)   Prosymna lineata Lineolate Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 [as P. sundevalli]   Prosymna stuhlmannii East African Shovel-snout Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1980 Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)   Psammophis brevirostris Short-snouted Grass Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1983 Broadley 2002   Psammophis crucifer Cross-marked Grass Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 2002   Psammophis mossambicus East African Olive Grass Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 [as P. phillipsi] Broadley & Howell 1991 [as P. phillipsi] Broadley 1977 [as P. phillipsi] Broadley 1983 [as P. phillipsii] Broadley 2002 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015   Psammophis subtaeniatus Western Stripe-bellied Sand Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 2002 Genus Psammophylax (Skaapstekers)   Psammophylax rhombeatus Spotted Skaapsteker Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1976 Broadley 1983 Genus Pseudaspis (African Mole Snake)   Pseudaspis cana African Mole Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Leptotyphlops (Typical Thread Snakes)   Leptotyphlops conjunctus Cape Thread Snake Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999   Leptotyphlops incognitus Incognito Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980   Leptotyphlops scutifrons Zambezi Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Watson 1976   Leptotyphlops telloi Maputo Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Wallach 1997 Broadley 1983 Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)   Myriopholis longicauda Southern African Long-tailed Thread Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Broadley 1999 Broadley & Howell 1991 Broadley & Watson 1976 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999  Family Pythonidae (Pythons) Genus Python (Typical Pythons)   Python natalensis Southern Rock Python Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1984 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995 [as sebae]  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Afrotyphlops (African Giant Blind Snakes)   Afrotyphlops bibronii Southern African Blind Snake Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014   Afrotyphlops schlegelii Variable Giant Blind Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009 Broadley 1983 Hahn 1980 Genus Rhinotyphlops (African Beaked Blind Snakes)   Rhinotyphlops lalandei Cape Blind Snake Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Branch 1998 Broadley & Wallach 2009  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bitis (African Adders)   Bitis arietans Common Puff Adder Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Branch 1998 David & Ineich 1999 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995   Bitis atropos Cape Mountain Adder Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Spawls & Branch 1995 Genus Causus (Night Adders)   Causus defilippii Snouted Night Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 David & Ineich 1999 Owen, Meik & Schwertner 2015 Spawls & Branch 1995   Causus rhombeatus Rhombic Night Adder Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 David & Ineich 1999 Spawls & Branch 1995

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Pelomedusidae (African Side-necked Turtles) Genus Pelomedusa (African Helmeted Turtles)   Pelomedusa galeata South African Helmeted Turtle Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 [as subrufa] Boycott & Bourquin 2008 [as subrufa] Boycott & Culverwell 1992 [as subrufa] Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Genus Pelusios (African Mud Turtles)   Pelusios sinuatus East African Serrated Mud Turtle Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley & Boycott 2009 McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Bour 2004 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Testudinidae (Tortoises) Genus Kinixys (Hinge-back Tortoises)   Kinixys natalensis Natal Hinge-back Tortoise Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1993 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Kinixys spekii Eastern Savanna Hinge-back Tortoise Bates, Branch, Bauer, Burger, Marais, Alexander & Villiers [eds.] 2014 Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Broadley 1993 Hailey, Broadley, Boycott & Spawls 2021 Ihlow, Farooq, Gvozdik, Hofmeyr, Conradie, Campbell, Harvey, Verburgt & Fritz 2019 Iverson 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Kinixys zombensis Southeastern Hinge-back Tortoise Fritz & Havas 2006 [as belliana] Genus Stigmochelys (Leopard Tortoise)   Stigmochelys pardalis Leopard Tortoise Boycott & Culverwell 1992 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021