Reptiles of Rio Grande do Sul [Brazil] Related checklists:  Brazil Bibliography of the reptiles of Rio Grande do Sul Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Rio Grande do Sul Introduced species

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Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial. Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:

	Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Amphisbaenidae (Typical Worm Lizards) Genus Amphisbaena (Neotropical Worm Lizards)   Amphisbaena darwinii Uruguayan Ringed Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Lema 1994 Mott & Vieites 2009 Perez, Ribeiro & Borges-Martins 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Ruiz-Garcia, Curi, Lamas & Cespedez 2016 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Amphisbaena munoai Munoa Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Lema 1994 Mott & Vieites 2009 Perez & Borges-Martins 2019 Perez, Ribeiro & Borges-Martins 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019   * Amphisbaena nana Sao Jeronimo Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Perez & Borges-Martins 2019   Amphisbaena prunicolor Plum-coloured Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Lema 1994 Perez & Borges-Martins 2019 Perez, Ribeiro & Borges-Martins 2012 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   * Amphisbaena tiaraju Cerro Largo Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Perez & Borges-Martins 2019 Genus Anops (Keel-headed Worm Lizards)   Anops kingii Pampas Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gans 1967 Gans 2005 Lema 1994 Mott & Vieites 2009 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Ribeiro, Sa, Santos-Jr., Graboski, Zaher, Guedes, Andrade & Vaz-Silva 2019 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Leposternon (South American Worm Lizards)   Leposternon microcephalum Small-headed Worm Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021

	Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Alligatoridae (Alligators and Caimans) Genus Caiman (Typical Caimans)   Caiman latirostris Broad-snouted Caiman Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Lema 1994 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Souza & Freitas 1998 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Wermuth & Mertens 1977

	Lizards (Sauria)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.) Genus Ophiodes (South American Glass Lizards)   * Ophiodes enso Pelotas Glass Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Marques-Quintela, Regnet, Teixeira, Silveira & Loebmann 2017 Lema 1994 [as vertebralis]   Ophiodes fragilis Yacupoi Glass Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Gutsche, Kwet, Kucharzewski & Hallermann 2007   Ophiodes striatus Dark-striped Glass Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Montechiaro, Kaefer, Quadros & Cechin 2011 [as "cf. striatus"] Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970  Family Gymnophthalmidae (Scaly-tongued Spectacled Tejus) Genus Cercosaura (Eastern Shade Tejus)   Cercosaura olivacea East Brazilian Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dantas Sales, Silva Jorge, Meira-Ribeiro & Xavier Freire 2014 [as ocellata] Lema 1994 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Sturaro, Rodrigues, Colli, Knowles & Avila-Pires 2018   Cercosaura schreibersii South Brazilian Shade Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Lema 1994 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2017 Souza-Filho & Verrastro 2012 Tedesco 1998  Family Leiosauridae (Smooth Iguanas) Genus Anisolepis (South American Tree Iguanas)   Anisolepis grilli Palmeira Tree Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge & Williams 1991 Lema 1994 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970   Anisolepis undulatus Brazilian Tree Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge & Williams 1991 Lema 1994 Peters & Donoso-Barros 1970 Genus Enyalius (Fat-headed Anoles)   Enyalius iheringii Southern Fat-headed Anole Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Etheridge 1969 Jackson 1978 Lema 1994 Rodrigues, Freitas, Silva & Bertolotto 2006 Genus Urostrophus (Steppe Iguanas)   Urostrophus vautieri Brazilian Steppe Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entringer, Silva-Soares, Pirovani Silva & Srbek-Araujo 2022 Etheridge & Williams 1991 Gasparini, Koski & Peloso 2010 Lema 1994 Santos, Silva Lucas, Sousa & Novelli 2009  Family Liolaemidae (South American Lesser Iguanas) Genus Liolaemus (Smooth-throated Lizards)   Liolaemus arambarensis Arambare Smooth-throated Lizard Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 [as wiegmanni] Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Verrastro, Veronese, Bujes & Filho 2003   Liolaemus occipitalis Rio Grande Smooth-throated Lizard Avila, Morando, Perez & Sites 2009 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994  Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos) Genus Homonota (Broad-headed Geckos)   Homonota uruguayensis Uruguayan Broad-headed Gecko Abegg, Rosa, Borges & Roncolatto 2014 Alves & Fabian-Beurmann 1974 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994  Family Scincidae (Skinks) Genus Aspronema (South American White-striped Skinks)   Aspronema dorsivittatum South American White-striped Skink Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Harvey, Aguayo & Miralles 2008 Lema 1994 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Notomabuya (Southern Neotropical Skink)   Notomabuya frenata Southern Neotropical Skink Caldeira Costa, Dias Fernandes, Vrcibradic & Neves Feio 2008 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Vrcibradic, Almeida-Gomes, Borges-Junior, Kiefer, Sluys & Raocha 2006  Family Teiidae (Greater Tejus) Genus Contomastix (Short-tailed Whiptails)   Contomastix lacertoides Uruguayan Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Filho & Verrastro 2012 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Lema 1994 Menezes & Rocha 2013 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Contomastix vacariensis Vacaria Whiptail Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Feltrim & Lema 2000 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Stahnke, Silva, Reguly & Machado 2006 Genus Salvator (Southern Tejus)   Salvator merianae Southern Black-and-White Teju Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Filho & Verrastro 2012 Koehler & Langerwerf 2000 Lema 1994 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Ribeiro-Junior & Amaral 2016 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013 Genus Teius (Typical Tejus)   Teius oculatus Green Teju Cacciali, Morando, Koehler & Avila 2016 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Filho & Verrastro 2012 Harvey, Ugueto & Gutberlet 2012 Lema 1994 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012  Family Tropiduridae (Rough-tailed Iguanas) Genus Stenocercus (Whorl-tailed Iguanas)   Stenocercus azureus Uruguayan Whorl-tailed Iguana Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Torres-Carvajal 2007 Genus Tropidurus (Eastern Keel-tailed Iguanas)   Tropidurus catalanensis Uruguayan Keel-tailed Iguana Carvalho 2013 [as torquatus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Kunz & Borges-Martins 2013 Lema 1994 [as torquatus]

	Snakes (Serpentes)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Anomalepididae (Neotropical Blind Snakes) Genus Liotyphlops (Smooth Blind Snakes)   Liotyphlops ternetzii Paraguayan Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 [as beui] Lema 1994 [as beui]  Family Boidae (Typical Boas) Genus Eunectes (Anacondas)   Eunectes notaeus Yellow Anaconda Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dirksen 2001 Dirksen 2002 Lema 1994 Santos, Lema, Winck, Cechin & Boelter 2013  Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids) Genus Adelphostigma (Twin-spotted Leaf-litter Snakes)   Adelphostigma occipitalis Bahia Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 [as "cf. occipitalis"] Genus Apostolepis (Black-tailed Blackheads)   Apostolepis quirogai Missiones Blackhead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Koch, Guedes & Tiutenko 2020 Lema & Capellari 2001 Lema 2001 Lema, Cappellari & d'Agostini 2004 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Genus Atractus (Spindle Snakes)   Atractus paraguayensis Paraguayan Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto & Abegg 2013 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 [as A. taeniatus] Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 [as "cf. paraguayensis"] Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Atractus reticulatus Reticulated Spindle Snake Alvarez, Rey & Cei 1992 Boulenger 1885 [as Geophis reticulatus] Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes 1995 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Passos, Chiesse, Torres-Carvajal & Savage 2009 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Silva, Silva, Ribeiro, Souza & Souza 2005 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher, Souza, Gower, Hingst-Zaher & Silva 2005   Atractus thalesdelemai Passo Fundo Spindle Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Passos, Fernandes & Zanella 2005 Passos, Fernandes, Bernils & Moura-Leite 2010 Genus Boiruna (Southern Snake Eaters)   Boiruna maculata South American Spotted Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zaher 1996 Genus Calamodontophis (Southeastern Neotropical Forest Snakes)   Calamodontophis paucidens Southern Forest Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Carvalho-Cintra & Lema 2006 Franco, Salomao, Borges-Martins, Di-Bernardo, Meneghel & Carreira 2001 Lema 1994 Pagini & Lema 1987 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Cercophis (Atlantic Forest Liana Snake)   Cercophis auratus Atlantic Forest Liana Snake Bezerra, Ferreira-Guilhon, Lima-Ramos & Borges-Nojosa 2020 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hoogmoed, Fernandes, Kucharzewski, Moura-Leite, Bernils, Entiauspe-Neto & Santos 2019 Lema 1973 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Lema 1994 [as Uromacerina ricardinii] Genus Chironius (Sipos)   Chironius bicarinatus Eastern Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022   Chironius brazili Southeast Brazilian Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hamdan & Fernandes 2015   Chironius exoletus Green Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Lema, Vieria & Araujo 1984   Chironius foveatus Bahia Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Chironius gouveai Uruguayan Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Lyra, Koch, Quintela, Abegg & Loebmann 2020   Chironius laevicollis Smooth-necked Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994   Chironius maculoventris Spot-bellied Sipo Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Marra Santos, Repenning, Beier & Funk Pontes 2015 Genus Clelia (Northern Snake Eaters)   Clelia hussami Parana Snake Eater Borges-Martins, Rossetti & Anes 2005 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Clelia plumbea Plumbeous Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Dibernardia (East South American Leaf-litter Snakes)   Dibernardia affinis Atlantic Forest Leaf-litter Snake Argolo 1998 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1988 Lema 1994 Paula, Zanella & Guaragni 2011 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Dibernardia bilineata Two-striped Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo & Lema 1991 Hiert 2006   Dibernardia poecilopogon Uruguayan Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Myers 1974 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Genus Dipsas (Neotropical Snail Eaters)   Dipsas alternans Santos Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fernandes, Marques & Argolo 2010 Harvey 2008   Dipsas neuwiedi Brazilian Banded Snail Eater Andrade, Oliveira Lima, Oliveira Silva, Fonseca Fernandes & Reis Dias 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Harvey 2008 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 [as "aff. neuwiedi"] Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 [as "cf. neuwiedi"]   Dipsas petersi Sao Paulo Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Montechiaro, Oliveira, Pontes & Di-Bernardo 2006   Dipsas turgida Bolivian Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Peters 1960   Dipsas ventrimaculata Spot-bellied Snail Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Harvey 2008 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Peters 1960 Peters 1965 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Scrocchi, Porto & Rey 1993 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Ditaxodon (Striped Cerrado Snake)   Ditaxodon taeniatus Striped Cerrado Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Hensel 1868 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Thomas, Bernils, Moura-Leite & Morato 2006 Genus Dryophylax (Northern Mock Vipers)   Dryophylax hypoconia Southern Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Echinanthera (Neotropical Leaf-litter Snakes)   Echinanthera cyanopleura Blue-flanked Leaf-litter Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zanella & Cechin 2010 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013 Genus Elapomorphus (Brazilian Lizard Eaters)   Elapomorphus sp. (Lizard Eater) Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Genus Erythrolamprus (Neotropical Smooth Snakes)   Erythrolamprus almadensis Almada Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1991 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Erythrolamprus frenatus Paraguayan Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Erythrolamprus jaegeri Southern Green Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1987 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Erythrolamprus miliaris Military Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo, Arzamendia & Cacciali 2006 Lema 1994 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus Yellow-bellied Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Koch, Nunez, Azevedo, Moraes, Tiutenko, Bialves & Loebmann 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Erythrolamprus semiaureus Golden Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1983 Dixon 1989 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Giraudo, Arzamendia & Cacciali 2006 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Erythrolamprus typhlus Velvety Smooth Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Genus Gomesophis (Brazilian Burrowing Snake)   Gomesophis brasiliensis Brazilian Burrowing Snake Castellari-Gonzalez, Prudente & Franco 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fortes, Lucas & Caldart 2010 Lema 1994 Menezes, Fiorillo, Franco & Feio 2017 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente & Brandao 1998 Genus Helicops (South American Keelbacks)   Helicops carinicaudus Keel-tailed Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019   Helicops infrataeniatus Surinam Keelback Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Kawashita-Ribeiro, Avila & Morais 2013 Landgref-Filho & Aoki 2011 Lema 1994 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Rodrigues & Curcio 2021 Moraes-da-Silva, Amaro, Sales Nunes, Strussmann, Teixeira, Andrade, Sudre, Recoder, Rodrigues & Curcio 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as pictiventris] Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Hydrodynastes (False Water Cobras)   Hydrodynastes gigas Giant False Water Cobra Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Lema, Vieria & Araujo 1984 Genus Leptophis (Neotropical Parrot Snakes)   Leptophis marginatus Paraguayan Parrot Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Genus Lygophis (South American Striped Ground Snakes)   Lygophis anomalus Yellow-striped Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon 1985 Dixon 1989 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Panzera, Guerrero & Manayro 2017   Lygophis flavifrenatus Yellow-lined Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Michaud & Dixon 1987 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Mesotes (Southern Mock Vipers)   Mesotes strigatus Striped Mock Viper Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco & Ferreira 2002 Franco & Ferreira 2003 Franco, Trevine, Montingelli & Zaher 2017 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Trevine, Caicedo-Portilla, Hoogmoed, Thomas, Franco, Montingelli, Osorno-Munoz & Zaher 2021 Genus Mussurana (Brazilian Snake Eaters)   Mussurana bicolor Two-coloured Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Zaher 1996   Mussurana quimi South Brazilian Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Abegg, Quintela & Loebmann 2017 Genus Oxyrhopus (Calico Snakes)   Oxyrhopus clathratus Southern Brazilian Calico Snake Bernardo, Machado, Murphy & Zaher 2012 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Oxyrhopus rhombifer Rhombic Calico Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gonzales, Reichle & Entiauspe-Neto 2020 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Palusophis (Eastern Lizard Eater)   Palusophis bifossatus Eastern Lizard Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Leite, Nunes, Kaefer & Cechin 2009 Lema 1994 Montingelli 2009 Montingelli, Grazziotin, Battilana, Murphy, Zhang & Zaher 2019 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Paraphimophis (Rusty Snake Eater)   Paraphimophis rusticus Rusty Snake Eater Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franco, Marques & Puorto 1997 Lema 1994 Lima Silveira 2014 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Zaher 1996 Genus Phalotris (South American Collared Snakes)   Phalotris lemniscatus Southern Black-sided Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Entiauspe-Neto, Tiutenko, Santos Azevedo & Abegg 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012   Phalotris matogrossensis Mato Grosso Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema, D'Agostini & Cappellari 2005 Leynaud, Cabrera & Carrasco 2005 [as tricolor]   Phalotris reticulatus Southern Reticulated Collared Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Golay, Smith, Broadley, Dixon, McCarthy, Rage, Schatti & Toriba 1993 [as Elapomorphus lemniscatus divittatus] Lema 1994 Genus Philodryas (South American Bush Racers)   Philodryas aestiva Eastern Brazilian Green Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Thomas 1976 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Philodryas olfersii Common Green Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Spengler Waltrick & Menta Giasson 2021 Thomas 1976 Genus Phimophis (South American Shovel-nosed Snakes)   Phimophis guerini Argentine Shovel-nosed Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 [as "aff. guerini"] Genus Pseudablabes (Reticulated Bush Racers)   Pseudablabes agassizii Burrowing Night Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Souza Filho & Plombon 2014 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Pseudablabes arnaldoi Brazilian Speckled Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Thomas 1976   Pseudablabes patagoniensis Patagonian Bush Racer Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Gouveia, Novelli, Vieira & Sousa 2017 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Thomas 1976 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Pseudoboa (Neotropical Scarlet Snakes)   Pseudoboa haasi Parana Scarlet Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema & Ely 1979 Lema 1994 Martins, Alencar & Gaiarsa 2010 Morato, Moura-Leite, Costa Prudente & Bernils 1995 Pavan, Mainardi, Rocha, Cechin & Lipinski 2018 Zaher, Oliveira & Franco 2008 Genus Psomophis (Smooth Ground Snakes)   Psomophis obtusus Red-bellied Ground Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Giraudo & Scrocchi 2002 Lema 1994 Myers & Cadle 1994 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Ptychophis (Brazilian Yellow-striped Water Snake)   Ptychophis flavovirgatus Brazilian Yellow-striped Water Snake Castellari-Gonzalez, Prudente & Franco 2014 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Paraptychophis meyeri] Porto & Caramaschi 1989 Genus Siphlophis (Liana Snakes)   Siphlophis longicaudatus Long-tailed Liana Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Prudente, Silva, Santos Meireles & Puorto 2017 Thomassen, Costa, Silveira, Garcia & Bernils 2015 Genus Spilotes (Chicken Snakes)   Spilotes pullatus Chicken Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Genus Tachymenis (South American Scrub Snakes)   Tachymenis ocellata Ocellated Pampas Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Genus Tantilla (American Centipede Snakes)   Tantilla melanocephala South American Black-headed Centipede Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Genus Tomodon (Pampas Snakes)   Tomodon dorsatus Brazilian Pampas Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 [as Opisthoplus degener] Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013 Genus Tropidodryas (Atlantic Forest Tree Snakes)   Tropidodryas striaticeps Atlantic Forest Highland Tree Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Guedes & Marques 2011 Lema 1994 Oliveira 2008 Genus Xenodon (Northern Mock Lanceheads and South American Hognose Snakes)   Xenodon dorbignyi Spotted Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Xenodon guentheri Santa Catarina Mock Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021   Xenodon histricus Rayed Hognose Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994   Xenodon merremii Toad-eating Mock Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Xenodon neuwiedii East Brazilian Mock Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994  Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.) Genus Micrurus (American Coral Snakes)   Micrurus altirostris Uruguayan Coral Snake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Roze 1996 Silva & Sites 1999 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Micrurus carvalhoi Brazilian Ribbon Coral Snake Castro, Oliveira, Gonzalez, Curcio & Feitosa 2017 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins & Cappellari 2001 [as M. lemniscatus]   Micrurus silviae Passo Fundo Coral Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Di-Bernardo, Borges-Martins & da Silva 2007 Giraudo, Nenda, Arzamendia, Bellini & Franzoy 2015  Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes) Genus Epictia (Neotropical Thread Snakes)   Epictia australis Rio Negro Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994   Epictia munoai Rio Grande do Sul Thread Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Francisco, Pinto & Fernandes 2012 Hahn 1980 Lema 1994 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Peters & Orejas-Miranda 1970 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012  Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes) Genus Amerotyphlops (American Blind Snakes)   Amerotyphlops brongersmianus Bahia Blind Snake Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Dixon & Hendricks 1979 Lema 1994  Family Viperidae (Vipers) Genus Bothrops (American Lanceheads)   Bothrops alternatus Urutu Campbell & Lamar 2004 Carrasco, Grazziotin, Farfan, Koch, Ochoa, Scrocchi, Leynaud & Chaparro 2019 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Santos, Oliveira & Tozetti 2012 Winck, Santos & Cechin 2007   Bothrops cotiara Southeast Brazilian Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Bothrops diporus Chaco Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Lema 1994 Silva & Rodrigues 2008   Bothrops jararaca Jararaca Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Machado 2013 Zanella, Paula, Guaragni & Souza 2013   Bothrops jararacussu Jararacussu Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994   Bothrops neuwiedi Eastern Brazilian Lancehead Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Santos, Kopp, Spies, Trevisan & Cechin 2005   Bothrops pubescens Pampas Lancehead Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 David, Dobiey & Vogel 2018 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018 Silva & Rodrigues 2008 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Crotalus (Typical Rattlesnakes)   Crotalus durissus South American Rattlesnake Campbell & Lamar 2004 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Franca, Franca, Roedder & Sole 2022 Hoge & Romano Hoge 1981 Lema 1994 Outeiral, Balestrin, Cappellari, Lema & Ferreira 2018

	Turtles (Testudines)
	= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct Species References  Family Chelidae (Austro-American Side-necked Turtles) Genus Acanthochelys (South American Side-necked Swamp Turtles)   Acanthochelys spixii Black Spiny-necked Swamp Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Lema 1994 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Rhodin, Silva & Mittermeier 1984 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Hydromedusa (South American Snake-necked Turtles)   Hydromedusa tectifera Uruguayan Snake-necked Turtle Alcalde, Sanchez & Pritchard 2021 Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Fritz & Havas 2006 Lema 1994 Pritchard 1979 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Reis Martins, Carvalho-Garbin & Freire Bruno 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sousa & Novelli 2009 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Genus Phrynops (Lesser Toad-headed Turtles)   Phrynops geoffroanus Brazilian Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021   Phrynops hilarii Spotted-bellied Toad-headed Turtle Bonin, Devaux & Dupre 2006 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Lema 1994 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Wermuth & Mertens 1977   Phrynops williamsi Rio Cadea Toad-headed Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Fritz & Havas 2006 Lema 1994 Rhodin & Mittermeier 1983 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021  Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles) Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)   Caretta caretta Loggerhead Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Santos, Soares-e-Soares, Marcovaldi, Silveira-Monteiro, Giffoni & Padua-Almeida 2011 Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)   Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Soto & Beheregaray 1997 Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)   Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Soto & Beheregaray 1997 Valls-Fernanda, Basiler, Bobsin, Scherer, Scherer, Marchetto & Petry 2011 Genus Lepidochelys (Ridley Sea Turtles)   Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Castilhos, Coelho, Argolo, Santos, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Soto & Beheregaray 1997  Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle) Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)   Dermochelys coriacea Leatherback Sea Turtle Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Lema 1994 Padua Almeida, Eckert, Bruno, Scalfoni, Barros Giffoni, Lopez-Mendilaharsu & Thome 2011 Padua-Almeida, Thome, Baptistotte, Marcovaldi, Santos & Lopez 2011 Soto, Beheregaray & Rebello 1997  Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles) Genus Trachemys (Slider Turtles)   Trachemys dorbigni South Brazilian Slider Costa, Guedes & Bernils 2021 Entiauspe-Neto, Perleberg & Freitas 2016 Fritz & Havas 2006 Lema 1994 Quintela, Medvedovsky, Ibarra, Neves & Figueiredo 2011 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Souza Filho & Verrastro 2012 Wermuth & Mertens 1977