Reptiles of
Israel  (incl. Palestinian Territories)

Related checklists:  Palestine

Bibliography of the reptiles of Israel Taxonomic history of the reptiles of Israel Introduced species
Home - Taxonomy - Geography - Biodiversity - Literature - Purchase RepFocus Recent updates
Citation: Midtgaard, Rune. RepFocus - A Survey of the Reptiles of the World. www.repfocus.dk (Compilation date: 14th April, 2023).

Checklist
General remarks: The list includes only formally described species. Newly discovered, but still unnamed species are excluded. However, unnamed species or species unassigned to species level are included, if they are the only representatives of their genus in the region. Species counts exclude extinct and introduced species. Doubtful records, typically older voucher specimens of uncertain origin, have been excluded if considered questionable, as are records based on sources considered unreliable or controversial.
Note: Your comments to the checklist (omissions, errors, etc.) are welcomed, preferably if they are provided with reliable references. If possible, please attach a pdf file of the relevant reference to an email addressed to:
Worm Lizards (Amphisbaenia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Blanidae (Mediterranean Worm Lizards)
Genus Blanus (Mediterranean Worm Lizards)
  EX
Blanus alexandri
Levant Worm Lizard
Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as aporus] Werner 2016 [as aporus]

Crocodilians (Crocodylia)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles)
Genus Crocodylus (Typical Crocodiles)
  EX
Crocodylus niloticus
Nile Crocodile
Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Werner 2016

Lizards (Sauria)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Agamidae (Agamas and Dragons)
Genus Laudakia (Asian Rock Agamas)
 
Laudakia vulgaris
Eastern Starred Agama
Albaba 2016 Arnold 1986 Baig, Wagner, Ananjeva & Boehme 2012 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Lachman, Carmely & Werner 2006 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 [as Agama s. stellio] Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 [as Stellagama stellio] Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 [as Laudakia stellio] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 [as Agama stellio] Wermuth 1967 Werner 1988 Werner 2016 [as Laudakia stellio]
Genus Pseudotrapelus (Afro-Arabian Desert Agamas)
 
Pseudotrapelus aqabensis
Aqaba Desert Agama
Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Melnikov, Nazarov, Ananjeva & Disi 2012 Tamar, Scholz, Crochet, Geniez, Meiri, Schmitz, Wilms & Carranza 2016
 
Pseudotrapelus sinaitus
Sinai Desert Agama
Albaba 2016 Arnold 1986 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Moravec 2002 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Tamar, Scholz, Crochet, Geniez, Meiri, Schmitz, Wilms & Carranza 2016 Wermuth 1967 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Trapelus (Afro-Asian Ground Agamas)
 
Trapelus mutabilis
North African Desert Agama
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 [as pallidus agnetae] Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 [as T. agnetae] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Trapelus savignii
Egyptian Sand Agama
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1967 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Uromastyx (Western Spiny-tailed Agamas)
 
Uromastyx aegyptia
Egyptian Spiny-tailed Agama
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Werner 1988 Werner 2016 Wilms & Boehme 2000 Wilms & Boehme 2007 Wilms 2001 Wilms, Boehme, Wagner, Lutzmann & Schmitz 2009
 
Uromastyx ornata
Ornate Spiny-tailed Agama
Arnold 1986 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Wermuth 1967 Werner 1988 Werner 2016 Wilms & Boehme 2000 Wilms & Boehme 2007 Wilms 2001
 Family Anguidae (Slowworms, etc.)
Genus Pseudopus (Eurasian Glass Lizard)
 
Pseudopus apodus
Eurasian Glass Lizard
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Jablonski, Ribeiro-Junior, Meiri, Maza, Kukushkin, Chirikova, Pirosova, Jelic, Mikulicek & Jandzik 2021 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Obst in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons)
Genus Chamaeleo (Typical Chameleons)
 
Chamaeleo chamaeleon
Mediterranean Chameleon
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Glaw 2015 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Klaver & Boehme 1997 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sivan & Werner 1992 Tilbury 2010 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Gekkonidae (Typical Geckos)
Genus Bunopus (South West Asian Tuberculated Geckos)
 
Bunopus tuberculatus
Southern Tuberculated Gecko
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 [as B. blanfordii] Szczerbak & Golubev 1996 Werner 1988 [as blanfordii] Werner 2016
Genus Hemidactylus (Half-toed Geckos)
 
Hemidactylus turcicus
Turkish Half-toed Gecko
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Mediodactylus (Mediterranean Bent-toed Geckos)
 
Mediodactylus amictopholis
Mount Hermon Bent-toed Gecko
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Mediodactylus orientalis
Levant Bent-toed Gecko
Bouskila 2004 Kotsakiozi, Jablonski, Ilgaz, Kumlutas, Avci, Meiri, Itescu, Kukushkin, Gvozdik, Scillitani, Roussos, Jandzik, Kasapidis, Lymberakis & Poulakakis 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Stenodactylus (Afro-Asian Thin-toed Geckos)
 
Stenodactylus doriae
Middle Eastern Thin-toed Gecko
Arnold 1980 Arnold 1986 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Stenodactylus petrii
North African Thin-toed Gecko
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth 1965 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Stenodactylus sthenodactylus
Elegant Thin-toed Gecko
Albaba 2016 Arnold 1980 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Tropiocolotes (Afro-Asian Desert Dwarf Geckos)
 
Tropiocolotes nattereri
Sinai Dwarf Gecko
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Ribeiro Junior, Tamar, Maza, Flecks, Wagner, Shacham, Calvo, Geniez, Crochet, Koch & Meiri 2022 Shifman, Shacham & Werner 1999 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 2016 Wilms, Shobrak & Wagner 2010
 
Tropiocolotes yomtovi
Eilat Dwarf Gecko
Ribeiro Junior, Tamar, Maza, Flecks, Wagner, Shacham, Calvo, Geniez, Crochet, Koch & Meiri 2022
 Family Lacertidae (Typical Lizards)
Genus Acanthodactylus (Fringe-toed Lizards)
 
Acanthodactylus aegyptius
Egyptian Fringe-toed Lizard
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 [as longipes] Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 2016
  *
Acanthodactylus beershebensis
Israeli Fringe-toed Lizard
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 2016
 
Acanthodactylus boskianus
Afro-Arabian Fringe-toed Lizard
Albaba 2016 Arnold 1983 [as A. schreiberi] Arnold 1986 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 [as A. schreiberi syriacus] Bouskila 2004 [as A. schreiberi syriacus] Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Salvador 1982 [as A. schreiberi syriacus] Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 [as A. schreiberi syriacus] Werner 1988 [as A. schreiberi syriacus] Werner 2016 [as A. schreiberi syriacus]
 
Acanthodactylus opheodurus
Snake-tailed Fringe-toed Lizard
Arnold 1983 Arnold 1986 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sindaco, Fedrighini & Venchi 1995 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Acanthodactylus scutellatus
Nidua Fringe-toed Lizard
Arnold 1983 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Crochet, Geniez & Ineich 2003 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Salvador 1982 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Lacerta (Eurasian Green Lizards)
 
Lacerta media
Levant Emerald Lizard
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Nettmann & Rykena in Boehme (ed.) 1984 [as trilineata] Schmidtler 1986 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Mesalina (Afro-Asian Desert Lizards)
 
Mesalina bahaeldini
Mount Sinai Desert Lizard
Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Simo-Riudalbas, Sacchi & Carranza 2018
 
Mesalina bernoullii
Syrian Desert Lizard
Smid, Moravec, Gvozdik, Stundl, Frynta, Lymberakis, Kapli, Wilms, Schmitz, Shobrak, Yousefkhani, Rastegar-Pouyani, Castilla, Els & Mayer 2017
 
Mesalina olivieri
Egyptian Small-spotted Desert Lizard
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Haas 1951 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Papenfuss 1969 Pizzigalli, Crochet, Geniez, Martinez-Freiria, Velo-Anton & Brito 2021 Schleich, Kastle & Kabisch 1996 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Szczerbak 1975 Werner 1988 Werner 2016 Yousefkhani, Marin & Rastegar-Pouyani 2015
Genus Ophisops (Snake-eyed Lizards)
 
Ophisops elegans
Elegant Snake-eyed Lizard
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Phoenicolacerta (Phoenician Lizards)
 
Phoenicolacerta kulzeri
Lebanese Rock Lizard
Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 [as "cf. kulzeri"] Werner 2016
 
Phoenicolacerta laevis
Lebanese Smooth-scaled Lizard
Albaba 2016 Arnold 1989 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Phyllodactylidae (Leaf-toed Geckos)
Genus Ptyodactylus (Fan-toed Geckos)
 
Ptyodactylus guttatus
Spotted Fan-toed Gecko
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Heimes 1987 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Metallinou, Cervenka, Crochet, Kratochvil, Wilms, Geniez, Shobrak, Brito & Carranza 2015 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Ptyodactylus hasselquistii
Egyptian Fan-toed Gecko
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Metallinou, Cervenka, Crochet, Kratochvil, Wilms, Geniez, Shobrak, Brito & Carranza 2015 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 [as "P. cf. hasselquistii"] Werner 2016
 
Ptyodactylus puiseuxi
Levant Fan-toed Gecko
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Heimes 1987 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Metallinou, Cervenka, Crochet, Kratochvil, Wilms, Geniez, Shobrak, Brito & Carranza 2015 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Scincidae (Skinks)
Genus Ablepharus (Eurasian Snake-eyed Skinks)
 
Ablepharus rueppellii
South Levant Snake-eyed Skink
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Jablonski & Shacham 2017 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Roll, Tallowin, Berkowic, Maza, Ostrometzky, Slavenko, Shacham, Tamar & Meiri 2013 Schmidtler 1997 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Skourtanioti, Kapli, Ilgaz, Kumlutas, Avci, Ahmadzadeh, Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Ghergel, Lymberakis & Poulakakis 2016 Werner 2016
Genus Chalcides (Cylindrical Skinks)
 
Chalcides guentheri
Levant Cylindrical Skink
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Carranza, Arnold, Geniez, Roca & Mateo 2008 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Chalcides ocellatus
Mediterranean Ocellated Skink
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Carranza, Arnold, Geniez, Roca & Mateo 2008 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Chalcides sepsoides
Wedge-snouted Cylindrical Skink
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Schleich, Kastle & Kabisch 1996 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Eumeces (Afro-Asian Long-legged Skinks)
 
Eumeces pavimentatus
Levant Long-legged Skink
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Darevsky in Boehme (ed.) 1981 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Eumeces schneiderii
Golden Long-legged Skink
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Heremites (Western Palearctic Grass Skinks)
 
Heremites vittatus
Bridled Skink
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Ophiomorus (South West Asian Snake Skinks)
 
Ophiomorus latastii
Striped Snake Skink
Albaba 2016 Anderson & Leviton 1966 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Scincus (Sand Fish)
 
Scincus scincus
Common Sand Fish
Arnold & Leviton 1977 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Smid, Uvizl, Shobrak, Salim, AlGethami, Algethami, Alanazi, Alsubaie, Busais & Carranza 2021 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards)
Genus Varanus (Monitor Lizards)
 
Varanus griseus
Desert Monitor
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Martens & Koch 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Mertens 1963 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Werner 1988 Werner 2016

Snakes (Serpentes)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Boidae (Typical Boas)
Genus Eryx (Sand Boas)
 
Eryx jaculus
Western Sand Boa
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Gruber 1989 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Stimson 1969 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Colubridae (Typical Snakes or Colubrids)
Genus Dolichophis (Greater Whip Snakes)
 
Dolichophis jugularis
Large Whip Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Eirenis (Middle Eastern Dwarf Snakes)
 
Eirenis coronella
Crowned Dwarf Snake
Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 2003 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Eirenis coronelloides
Sinai Dwarf Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016
 
Eirenis decemlineatus
Narrow-striped Dwarf Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Eirenis levantinus
Levant Dwarf Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Werner 2016
 
Eirenis lineomaculatus
Spotted-line Dwarf Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Geniez 2018 Gruber 1989 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 2016
 
Eirenis rothii
Israeli Dwarf Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Mahlow, Tillack, Schmidtler & Muller 2013 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Elaphe (Palearctic-Oriental Rat Snakes)
 
Elaphe druzei
Levant Rat Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 [as sauromates] Bouskila 2004 [as sauromates] Geniez 2018 [as sauromates] Jablonski, Ribeiro-Junior, Simonov, Soltys & Meiri 2023 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 [as sauromates] Schulz 1996 [as sauromates] Sivan & Werner 1992 [as sauromates] Werner 1988 [as sauromates] Werner 2016 [as sauromates]
Genus Hemorrhois (Palearctic Whip Snakes)
 
Hemorrhois nummifer
Coin-marked Whip Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Hemorrhois ravergieri
Mountain Whip Snake
Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Lytorhynchus (Awl-headed Snakes)
 
Lytorhynchus diadema
Crowned Awl-headed Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Macroprotodon (False Smooth Snakes)
 
Macroprotodon cucullatus
Eastern False Smooth Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Busack & McCoy 1990 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wade 1988 Wade 2001 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Natrix (Eurasian Keelbacks)
 
Natrix tessellata
Dice Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Platyceps (Flat-headed Whip Snakes)
 
Platyceps collaris
Red Whip Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 [as rubriceps] Darevsky & Szczerbak in Boehme (ed.) 1993 [as Coluber najadum rubriceps] Geniez 2018 Gruber 1989 [as Coluber najadum dahli] Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 [as rubriceps] Rehak & Obst in Boehme (ed.) 1993 [as Coluber rubriceps] Schatti, Baran & Maunoir 2001 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 [as Coluber rubriceps] Werner 1988 [as rubriceps] Werner 2016
 
Platyceps elegantissimus
Elegant Whip Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner & Sivan 1991 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Platyceps rogersi
Helwan Desert Whip Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Schatti 2004 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Platyceps saharicus
Saharan Cliff Racer
Albaba 2016 [as rhodorachis] Bar & Haimovitch 2011 [as Platyceps spp.] Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 [as rhodorachis] Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Perry 2012 [as tesselata] Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 [as rhodorhachis [sic]] Schatti & McCarthy 2004 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 2016 [as ladacensis]
 
Platyceps sinai
Sinai Whip Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner & Sivan 1991 Werner 2016
Genus Rhynchocalamus (Middle East Black-headed Snakes)
  *
Rhynchocalamus dayanae
Mount Negev Black-headed Snake
Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Tamar, Smid, Goecmen, Meiri & Carranza 2016
 
Rhynchocalamus melanocephalus
Palestine Black-headed Snake
Albaba 2016 Amr & Disi 2011 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Spalerosophis (Diadem Snakes)
 
Spalerosophis diadema
Common Diadem Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Marx 1959 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Telescopus (Afro-Asian Cat Snakes)
 
Telescopus dhara
Arabian Cat Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Crochet, Rasmussen, Wilms, Geniez, Trape & Boehme 2008 Els, Al-Johany, Amr, Baha-el-Din, Disi, Boehme, Geniez & Werner 2021 Gruber 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Telescopus fallax
European Cat Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Grillitsch & Grillitsch in Boehme (ed.) 1999 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 [as nigriceps] Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Telescopus hoogstraali
Sinai Cat Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Venchi & Sindaco 2007 Werner 2016
Genus Zamenis (Western Palearctic Rat Snakes)
 
Zamenis hohenackeri
Transcaucasian Rat Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Hofmann, Mebert, Schulz, Helfenberger, Goecmen & Boehme 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Schulz 1996 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Elapidae [part 1: terrestrial species] (Cobras, Mambas, etc.)
Genus Walterinnesia (Black Desert Cobras)
 
Walterinnesia aegyptia
Western Black Desert Cobra
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Nilson & Rastegar-Pouyani 2007 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Lamprophiidae (House Snakes, etc.)
Genus Atractaspis (Stiletto Snakes)
 
Atractaspis engaddensis
Palestine Stiletto Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Wallach, Williams & Boundy 2014 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Malpolon (Montpellier Snakes)
 
Malpolon insignitus
Eastern Montpellier Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Malpolon moilensis
Moila Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Psammophis (Old World Sand Snakes and Grass Snakes)
 
Psammophis aegyptius
Sahara Sand Snake
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Venchi & Sindaco 2007 Werner 2016
 
Psammophis schokari
Arabian Sand Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Crochet 1997 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Leptotyphlopidae (Thread Snakes)
Genus Myriopholis (Many-scaled Thread Snakes)
 
Myriopholis macrorhyncha
Large-snouted Thread Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Gruber 1989 Hahn 1980 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Venchi & Sindaco 2007 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Myriopholis phillipsi
Israelian Thread Snake
Hahn 1980
 Family Micrelapidae (Short-jawed Rear-fanged Snakes)
Genus Micrelaps (Afro-Asian Black-headed Snakes)
 
Micrelaps muelleri
Israeli Black-headed Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 [as tchernovi] Bischoff & Schmidtler 1997 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as tchernovi] Werner 1988 Werner 2016 Werner, Babocsay, Carmely & Thuna 2006 [as tchernovi]
 Family Typhlopidae (Typical Blind Snakes)
Genus Letheobia (African Gracile Blind Snakes)
 
Letheobia simoni
Israelian Blind Snake
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Gruber 1989 Hahn 1980 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Xerotyphlops (Desert Blind Snakes)
 
Xerotyphlops syriacus
Syrian Worm Snake
Albaba 2016 [as vermicularis] Bar & Haimovitch 2011 [as vermicularis] Bouskila 2004 [as vermicularis] Geniez 2018 [as vermicularis] Grillitsch & Grillitsch in Boehme (ed.) 1993 [as vermicularis] Hahn 1980 [as vermicularis] Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 [as vermicularis] Kornilios, Jablonski, Sadek, Kumlutas, Olgun, Avci & Ilgaz 2020 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 [as X. vermicularis] Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 [as vermicularis] Sivan & Werner 1992 [as vermicularis] Werner 1988 [as vermicularis] Werner 2016 [as vermicularis]
 Family Viperidae (Vipers)
Genus Cerastes (Horned Vipers)
 
Cerastes cerastes
Sahara Horned Viper
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Kramer & Schnurrenberger 1963 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner & Sivan 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016 Werner, Verdier, Rosenman & Sivan 1991
 
Cerastes gasperettii
Middle Eastern Horned Viper
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner & Sivan 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016 Werner, Sivan, Kushnir & Motro 1999 Werner, Verdier, Rosenman & Sivan 1991
 
Cerastes vipera
Sahara Sand Viper
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner & Sivan 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Daboia (Daboias)
 
Daboia palaestinae
Palestinian Viper
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Ineich 1999 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 McDiarmid, Campbell & Toure 1999 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Echis (Carpet Vipers)
 
Echis coloratus
Painted Carpet Viper
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Pook, Joger, Stumpel & Wuster 2009 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Macrovipera (Giant Vipers)
  EX
Macrovipera lebetinus
Blunt-nosed Viper
Bouskila 2004 Geniez 2018 Grillitsch & Werner 2009 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 2016
Genus Montivipera (Middle East Mountain Vipers)
 
Montivipera bornmuelleri
Lebanese Mountain Viper
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 David & Ineich 1999 David & Vogel 2010 Geniez 2018 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sivan & Werner 1992 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Pseudocerastes (False Horned Vipers)
 
Pseudocerastes fieldi
Western False Horned Viper
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bostanchi, Anderson, Kami & Papenfuss 2006 Bouskila 2004 David & Vogel 2010 Fathinia & Rastegar-Pouyani 2010 Gasperetti 1988 Geniez 2018 Leviton, Anderson, Adler & Minton 1992 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Sindaco, Venchi & Grieco 2013 Werner 1988 Werner 2016

Turtles (Testudines)
= endemicEX = extinct or assumed extinct

Species
References
 Family Cheloniidae (Hard-shelled Sea Turtles)
Genus Caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle)
 
Caretta caretta
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Albaba 2016 Bouskila 2004 Gramentz in Fritz (ed.) 2005 King & Burke 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Pritchard 1979 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Chelonia (Green Sea Turtle)
 
Chelonia mydas
Green Sea Turtle
Albaba 2016 Bouskila 2004 Gramentz & Fritz in Fritz (ed.) 2005 King & Burke 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
Genus Eretmochelys (Hawksbill Sea Turtle)
 
Eretmochelys imbricata
Hawksbill Sea Turtle
Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
Genus Dermochelys (Leatherback Sea Turtle)
 
Dermochelys coriacea
Leatherback Sea Turtle
Bouskila 2004 Frazier, Gramentz & Fritz in Fritz (ed.) 2005 King & Burke 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Emydidae (Western Pond Turtles)
Genus Emys (European Pond Turtles)
  EX
Emys orbicularis
Common European Pond Turtle
Bouskila 2004 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Werner 2016
 Family Geoemydidae (Eastern Pond Turtles)
Genus Mauremys (Stripe-necked Turtles)
 
Mauremys rivulata
Balkan Pond Turtle
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Gasperetti, Stimson, Miller, Ross & Gasperetti 1993 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Mantziou & Rifai 2014 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Sivan & Werner 1992 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)
Genus Testudo (Palearctic Tortoises)
 
Testudo graeca
Spur-thighed Tortoise
Albaba 2016 Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Fritz & Havas 2006 Handal, Amr & Qumsiyeh 2016 King & Burke 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rabou, Yassin, Al-Agha, Hamad & Ali 2007 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sivan & Werner 1992 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 
Testudo kleinmanni
Egyptian Tortoise
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 Fritz & Havas 2006 Iverson 1992 King & Burke 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Werner 1988 Werner 2016
 Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles)
Genus Trionyx (African Softshell Turtle)
 
Trionyx triunguis
African Softshell Turtle
Bar & Haimovitch 2011 Bouskila 2004 King & Burke 1989 Meiri, Belmaker, Berkowic, Kazes, Maza, Bar-Oz & Dor 2019 Rhodin, Iverson, Bour, Fritz, Georges, Shaffer & Dijk 2021 Sindaco & Jeremchenko 2008 Wermuth & Mertens 1977 Werner 1988 Werner 2016